Introduction Study of motion is divided into two; Kinematics Dynamics In kinematics forces causing motion are disregarded while dynamics deals with motion of objects and the forces causing them. Displacement Distance moved by a body in a specified direction is called displacement. It is denoted by letter‘s’ and has both magnitude and direction. Distance is […]
Sound is an important example of a longitudinal wave which is composed of both compressions and rarefactions. The frequency range in which compressional disturbances occur is called the sonic spectrum and is very large. Sound is a range of compressional wave frequencies sensitive to human ear and is known as audio range which ranges
What is a wave?. A wave is simply a disturbance that moves through a medium . Other waves do not require a medium to travel i.e. they can travel in a vacuum, are known as electromagnetic waves e.g. radio, X-rays, gamma rays UV rays etc. Other waves require a material medium to be transferred and
Hooke’s law states that “the extension of a spring is proportional to the applied force, provided that the force is not large enough to deform the spring permanently”. Mathematically expressed as Force α extension. Spring constant Since Force α extension then Force / Extension = constant (k). The constant of proportionality (k) is called
Concave and convex mirrors They are also known as spherical mirrors and are formed when a spherical glass is silvered . If the inside is silvered a convex or diverging is formed while a concave or converging mirror is formed when the outside is silvered. Parts of a spherical mirror. Centre of curvature (C)–
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Centre of gravity Centre of gravity or C.G is the point of balance of a body in which the total weight of the body seems to act through. For regular shaped bodies the C.G is at the geometric centre of the body. For irregular bodies their weight still acts at the centre of the gravity
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Turning Effects The turning effect of a body is called the moment of that force. The turning effect produced depends on both the size of the force and the distance from the pivot. The moment of a force about a point is the product of the force applied and the perpendicular distance from the pivot
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Introduction Magnets are substances that are able to attract and hold items. Lodestone is the only known natural magnet which was discovered by the Chinese 2,000 years ago. Other magnets produced artificially by man are called artificia l magnets. Magnets and non-magnetic materials Magnetic materials are those that are strongly attracted by magnets while non-magnetic
States of matter Matter is anything that occupies space. Matter exists in three states: solids, liquids and gases. Matter can be changed in various ways which includes physical, chemical and nuclear changes. a) Physical changes– they are normally reversible and no new substances formed. Examples are; (i) Change of state such as melting and vaporization
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Force is a push or a pull. Force is therefore that which changes a body’s state of motion or shape. The SI unit for force is Newton (N). It is a vector quantity. It is represented by the following symbol. Types of forces Gravitational force–this is the force of attraction between two bodies of
MEASUREMENT.
In order to measure we need to know or define the quantity to be measured and the units for measuring it.
In 1971 a system known as the International System of Units (Systeme’ Internationale) and seven basic units were agreed upon as follows. Other quantities can be obtained from these basic quantities and are referred to as derived quantities.