In any chemical reaction, the existing chemical bonds are broken and new chemical bonds are formed. Hence, all chemical reactions are fundamentally electrical in nature since electrons are involved in some way or the other in all types of chemical bonding. Many chemical reactions utilize electrical energy, whereas others can be used to produce electrical […]
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Nuclear Chemistry is an aspect of chemistry that deal with nuclei of atoms. Radioactivity This is the spontaneous emission of radiation by radioactive element such as Thorium, Uranium etc. Characteristics of Nuclear Chemistry Spontaneously and continually emitting of radiation by radioactive element Temperature and pressure have no effect on radioactivity The radiation can pass through
Equilibrium can be defined as the state of a system where there is no observable or detectable change in the properties of the system with respect to time. Examples of system in equilibrium a balanced see – saw a saturated solution of NaCl STATIC AND DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM Static equilibrium is attained when a system in
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Atoms are the basic units of matter and the defining structure of elements. Atoms are made up of three particles: protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons and neutrons are heavier than electrons and reside in the center of the atom, which is called the nucleus. Electrons are extremely lightweight and exist in a cloud orbiting the
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Atoms are the basic units of matter and the defining structure of elements. Atoms are made up of three particles: protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons and neutrons are heavier than electrons and reside in the center of the atom, which is called the nucleus. Electrons are extremely lightweight and exist in a cloud orbiting the
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Benzene: Benzene is a typical aromatic compound with molecular formula of C6H6. It has the structure of: Preparation From coal tar: The destructive distillation of coal produced coal tar which contain benzene From petreoleum; The dehydrogenated of alkane using valladim (v) oxide (v2O5) as catalyst at 500oC and 20 atmos give benzene C6H14 V2O2C6H6 +
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GENERAL PROPERTIES OF THE SULPHUR GROUP (GROUP VI ELEMENTS) The group VI elements include: Oxygen, Sulphur, Selenium, Tellurium and Polonium. Metallic property increases down the group. Oxygen and sulphur are non-metal; selenium and tellurium are metalloid; while polonium is a metal. All the elements are solid except oxygen which is a gas at room temperature.
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AMINES It has a functional group of NH2. GENERAL MOLECULAR FORMULAR/STRUCTURE It has a general molecular formula of RNH2 or structure of R – N – H H PREPARATION: They are derivatives of ammonia where one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by alkyl or aryl groups e.g. RNHz, R2NH. CLASSIFICATION: Amines can
In chemistry, a compound is a substance that results from a combination of two or more different chemical element s, in such a way that the atom s of the different elements are held together by chemical bonds that are difficult to break. These bonds form as a result of the sharing or exchange of
HYDROGEN SULPHIDE, H2S Hydrogen Sulphide is found in volcanic gases, Sulphur springs, coal gas and natural gas. LABORATORY PREPARATION Hydrogen Sulphide is prepared in the laboratory by the action of dilute acids on metallic sulphide like Iron (II) Sulphide 2HCl(aq) + FeS(s) → FeCl2(aq) + H2S(g) The apparatus used for regular supply of hydrogen Sulphide
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General Preparation of Salts Salts are generally ionic compounds formed by the reaction of an acid with a base. The preparation of these salts involves the treating of different metals and non-metals and their compounds with various acids, bases etc. However, some of them can be prepared by direct combination of the concerned elements or
CHEMISTRY SS 1- FIRST TERM 1. Introduction to Chemistry 2. Particulate Nature of Matter 3. Symbols, Formulae and Equations 4. Chemical Combination 5. Gas Laws CHEMISTRY SS 1- SECOND TERM 1. Gas Laws (Cont’d) 2. Standard Separation Techniques for Mixtures 3. Acids, Bases and Salts 4. Water. CHEMISTRY SS 1- THIRD TERM 1. Carbon and
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