Category Physics Notes For SS 1 to SS 3 Classes

MEASUREMENT IN PHYSICS (CONT) Measurement of area and volume Concept & measurement of time and ways of measuring time. MEASUREMENT OF VOLUME Volume of liquid objects is measured using instruments such as cylinder, burette, pipette, eureka can, etc. For regular…

FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES AND UNITS Fundamental quantities: mass, length, time and electric charge Simple measurement of current and temperature. CONCEPT OF FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES Fundamental quantities are physical quantities whose dimensions and units are not usually derived from other physical quantities. Basically,…

Measurement of length Measurement of mass & weight MEASUREMENT OF LENGTH/DISTANCE Length is measured using the following instruments. (a). Metre Rule: A metre rule is a measuring device calibrated in centimetres (cm) with a range of 0 – 100cm. In…

Definition & Importance of Physics. Aspects/Career in Physics. Branches of physics. DEFINITION OF PHYSICS The word ‘’PHYSICS’’ originates from the Greek word, ‘’PHYSIS’’, which means nature and natural characteristics. Physics as a body of scientific knowledge, deals with the study…

X-rays were discovered by a German scientist named Roentgen in 1985. They can pass through most substances including soft tissues of the body but not through bones and most metals. They were named X-rays meaning ‘unknown rays’. X-ray production They…

What is cathode rays?. These are streams of electrons emitted at the cathode of an evacuated tube containing an anode and a cathode. Production of cathode rays They are produced by a set up called a discharge tube where a…

Sources of mains electricity Mains electricity comes from a power station and its current is the alternating current which can either be stepped up or down by a transformer.  A.c is produced when a conductor is rotated in a magnetic…

What is a Len?.  A lens is conventionally defined as a piece of glass which is used to focus or change the direction of a beam of light passing through it. They are mainly made of glass or plastic. Lens are…

Properties of waves Waves exhibit various properties which can be conveniently demonstrated using the ripple tank. It consists of a transparent tray filled with water and a white screen as the bottom. On top we have a source of light.…

Energy This is the ability to do work. Forms of energy. Chemical energy: – this is found in foods, oils charcoal firewood etc. Mechanical energy:- there are two types; Potential energy – a body possesses potential energy due to its relative…

Introduction Study of motion is divided into two; Kinematics Dynamics In kinematics forces causing motion are disregarded while dynamics deals with motion of objects and the forces causing them. Displacement Distance moved by a body in a specified direction is…

Sound is an important example of a longitudinal wave which is composed of both compressions and rarefactions. The frequency range in which compressional disturbances occur is called the sonic spectrum and is very large. Sound is a range of compressional…

What is a wave?. A wave is simply a disturbance that moves through a medium . Other waves do not require a medium to travel i.e. they can travel in a vacuum, are known as electromagnetic waves e.g. radio, X-rays,…

Hooke’s law states that “the extension of a spring is proportional to the applied force, provided that the force is not large enough to deform the spring permanently”. Mathematically expressed as Force α extension. Spring constant Since Force α extension…

Concave and convex mirrors They are also known as spherical mirrors and are formed when a spherical glass is silvered . If the inside is silvered a convex or diverging is formed while a concave or converging mirror is formed…

Centre of gravity Centre of gravity or C.G is the point of balance of a body in which the total weight of the body seems to act through. For regular shaped bodies the C.G is at the geometric centre of…

Turning Effects The turning effect of a body is called the moment of that force. The turning effect produced depends on both the size of the force and the distance from the pivot. The moment of a force about a…

Introduction Magnets are substances that are able to attract and hold items. Lodestone is the only known natural magnet which was discovered by the Chinese 2,000 years ago. Other magnets produced artificially by man are called artificia l magnets. Magnets…