Agricultural Science (All Classes)

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Apiculture or Bee-Keeping | Types, Importance, Precautionary Measures & Equipment

Apiculture, commonly known as beekeeping, is the practice of managing and caring for bee colonies, primarily for the production of honey, beeswax, and other bee-related products. Beekeeping is an ancient practice that has been a vital part of agriculture and human culture for thousands of years. It serves various purposes, including pollination of crops and

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FACTORS AFFECTING ROOTING OF CUTTINGS

Temperature: for the cuttings to produce roots warm temperatures are required around the root zone while cool temperatures are important for the aerial part of the cuttings. For most species optimum day and light temperatures for rooting are 22 -27°c and 15-21° c respectively.  Relative humidity:Proper rooting of cuttings requires high humidity which lower the transpiration

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Agricultural Insurance | Meaning, Importance, Types, Risks, Problems & Terminologies

MEANING OF AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE Agricultural insurance refers to a type of insurance policy that provides compensation to farmers for losses they may incur. It safeguards against various risks, such as crop damage caused by natural disasters like hail, drought, floods, or decreases in agricultural commodity prices, which can lead to revenue loss. The significance of

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Agricultural Finance | Agricultural Credit, Farm Credits, Agricultural Subsidy & Capital Market

Definition of Agricultural Finance: Agricultural finance refers to the process of acquiring and utilizing capital within the realm of agribusiness. It involves managing the demand for and supply of funds to carry out various agricultural projects. The primary objective of agricultural financing is to increase the availability of resources, such as capital and productive factors,

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Agricultural Marketing | Co-operative Societies, Producers, Middlemen, Wholesalers,

Agricultural marketing encompasses all the essential activities that facilitate the movement of farm produce from producers to the final consumers. It’s a pivotal process that bridges the gap between production and consumption, culminating in the availability of goods for consumers. Importance/Significance of Agricultural Marketing Year-Round Availability: Agricultural marketing ensures a consistent supply of products throughout

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Aquaculture or Fish Farming | Meaning, Importance, Conditions, Basic Rules & Regulations

1. Aquaculture Meaning This is the practice of cultivating aquatic organisms, such as fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants, in controlled environments. It involves the breeding, rearing, and harvesting of these organisms, usually in ponds, tanks, or other enclosures. There are several types of aquaculture, including: Mariculture: This refers to the cultivation of marine organisms, such

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Farm Records and Farm Accounts

Farm Records Farm records pertain to the methodical recording and arrangement of diverse data concerning agricultural operations and undertakings within a farm environment. These records are crucial for proficient farm administration, making informed decisions, devising financial strategies, and adhering to regulatory mandates. Depending on the farmer’s preferences and available resources, these records can be upheld

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Animal Diseases | Preventive, Control, and Curative Methods

Preventive measures include vaccination, proper nutrition, sanitation, biosecurity practices, and quarantine to minimize disease introduction. Control strategies involve treating infected animals, isolating them, and implementing management practices to reduce transmission. Curative methods focus on providing medical treatment to alleviate disease symptoms and promote recovery. Safeguarding the health and well-being of animals within agricultural and veterinary

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Ecto and Endo Parasites of Livestock

Ectoparasites are external parasites that live on the skin or in the fur of animals, such as ticks, fleas, lice, and mites. Endoparasites are internal parasites that inhabit the animal’s internal organs or body cavities, such as roundworms, tapeworms, and flukes. The intricate relationship between livestock and parasites is a significant aspect of animal health

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Process or Methods of Animal Improvement | Introduction, Selection & Breeding

There are three approaches to enhancing animal quality, known as: 1. Introduction The introduction involves importing high-quality livestock breeds with desirable traits and a strong productive capacity from other regions or countries. Prior to introducing these animals from foreign sources (exotic breeds), it’s essential to ensure that these breeds possess superior qualities compared to the

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BOOKKEEPING

Bookkeeping is the recording on a day-to-day basis, of financial transactions and information pertaining to a business. It ensures that records of individual financial transactions are correct, up-to-date and comprehensive. Accuracy is therefore vital to the process. Bookkeeping provides the information from which accounts are prepared. It is a distinct process that occurs within the

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Types of Farm Records

What is a Farm record? Farm records refer to the systematic documentation and organization of various information related to agricultural operations and activities on a farm. These records are essential for effective farm management, decision-making, financial planning, and complying with regulatory requirements. Farm records can be maintained in both physical and digital formats, depending on

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PEOPLE INVOLVED IN STOCK EXCHANGE

There are several types of people involved in the stock exchange and the broader financial markets. Here are some key players: 1. Investors Individuals or institutions that buy and sell stocks, bonds, and other financial instruments with the goal of making a profit. They can range from small individual investors to large institutional investors such

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TYPES OF STOCK EXCHANGE

The stock exchange (capital market) is divided into two types These are the Primary market and Secondary market. Primary Market This is also called the new issue market (NIM). it is a capital market where newly issued securities are offered to the public. In a primary market, a transaction (buying and selling of securities) takes

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AGRICULTURE IN STOCK EXCHANGE II

A stock exchange is an organized market where stock broker s and traders can buy and sell stocks (also called shares), bonds and other securities. It is also called capital market, stock market or share market. Buyers and sellers come together to trade during specific hours on business days. Hence a stock exchange is a

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ANIMAL NUTRITION

Animal nutrition is the process by which an animal obtains nutrients necessary for its healthy growth and development. IMPORTANCE OF ANIMAL FEEDS Animal feeds are needed for growth Useful for the repair of worn-out tissue It provides energy It is useful for the general well-being of the animal. It aids animals’ resistance to diseases. It

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