MEANING OF STOCK EXCHANGE
What is a stock exchange? A Stock exchange is an organisation that provides a marketplace where investors may buy and sell shares of a wide range of companies. It is a market where sales and purchases of securities take place.
SOME TERMS USED IN THE STOCK EXCHANGE
Shares: This is a unit of stock. It is an indivisible unit of capital that expresses the ownership relationship between the company and the holder.
Stock: This is the money called capital raised by a corporation or organisation through the sale and distribution of parts or all of the enterprise to several part owners.
Stockholders or Shareholders: These are potential buyers who legally own one or more shares of stock of a joint stock company.
Stock Brokers: These are the representatives of individual shareholders which are licensed to buy and sell of company shares
PRIVILEGE TO THE RIGHTS OF STOCKHOLDERS
- They are entitled to vote during the election of the board of directors
- They are entitled to share in the distribution of the company’s profit
- They are entitled to purchase new shares of the company
- They are entitled to purchase the company assets when it becomes financially unviable
Examples of Agric. Business Enterprises, whose shares are traded on the Nigeria Stock Exchange NSE are;
- Livestock Feeds Plc.
- Nigerian Breweries Plc.
- Nestle Nigeria Plc.
- Nigerian Bottling Co. Plc
- Cadbury Nigeria Plc
- Unilever Nigeria Plc
- Flour Mills of Nigeria Plc
- Dunlop Nigeria Plc
- Ecobank Nigeria Plc
IMPORTANCE OF STOCK EXCHANGE IN AGRICULTURE
- Raising Capital for Agricbusiness: Agricultural enterprises can raise money through offering shares for sale to the general public in the stock exchange
- Redistribution of Wealth: When businesses in which farmers invested their money through the purchase of shares declare profit, such investors share in the profit and wealth of these businesses through their stock prices and dividends
- Corporate Governance: Agricultural enterprises operating under the stock exchange usually have improved management standards and efficiency records than privately owned enterprises.
- Creates Investment Opportunity for small investors: Investing in shares is open to large and small-scale farmers because individuals buy the number of shares that they can afford. Therefore, both smallholder farmers and commercial farmers invest in the same enterprise and enjoy the same privileges and rate of returns.
- Indicator of the State of Economy: Share prices tend to rise or remain stable when companies and the economy show signs of stability and growth, a depressed economy with a financial crisis may lead to a crash of the stock market. Therefore, the movement of the share prices can serve as an indicator of the state of a national economy.
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The place where stocks and shares are bought and sold is called
Stock market