PROBLEMS OF NIGERIAN FEDERALISM

Nigerian federalism faces several challenges and problems. Here are some of the key issues:

1. Resource Control: One of the major problems in Nigerian federalism is the issue of resource control. The central government controls the majority of the country’s resources, particularly oil and gas revenues, while the states have limited control over their own resources. This has led to an imbalance in resource allocation and a sense of economic and political marginalization among some states.

2. Revenue Allocation: Related to the issue of resource control is the challenge of revenue allocation. The current revenue allocation formula in Nigeria, known as the “federal allocation,” distributes funds from the central government to the states and local governments. However, there are ongoing debates about the fairness and transparency of this formula, as some states argue that it does not adequately reflect their contributions to national revenue.

3. Regionalism and Ethnic Tensions: Nigeria is a diverse country with over 250 ethnic groups. The federal structure of the country sometimes exacerbates regional and ethnic tensions. Some regions feel that they are not adequately represented or that their interests are not protected within the federal system. This has led to occasional conflicts and calls for restructuring the country’s federal system to address these concerns.

4. Power Concentration: Critics argue that power is overly concentrated at the federal level, limiting the autonomy and decision-making authority of the states. The central government controls important aspects such as security, fiscal policy, and key institutions, leaving states with limited powers to address their specific needs and priorities. This centralization of power can hinder effective governance and development at the state level.

5. Weak State Capacity: Many Nigerian states face challenges in terms of capacity and governance. Some states lack the necessary infrastructure, skilled workforce, and financial resources to effectively carry out their responsibilities. This leads to disparities in development and service delivery across the country.

6. Corruption and Mismanagement: Corruption and mismanagement are persistent challenges in Nigeria, and they also affect the federal system. There have been instances of misuse of resources, embezzlement, and diversion of funds meant for development at both the federal and state levels. These corrupt practices undermine the effectiveness of federalism and hinder equitable development.

7. Overdependence on Oil: Nigeria’s economy heavily relies on oil exports, which can create vulnerabilities and economic imbalances within the federal system. The fluctuation of oil prices on the global market can significantly impact the country’s revenue and economic stability. Overdependence on oil revenue also undermines efforts to diversify the economy and develop other sectors.

Addressing these problems requires a comprehensive approach that involves dialogue, constitutional reforms, effective governance, and the strengthening of institutions. By addressing the challenges of resource control, revenue allocation, power decentralization, and improving state capacity, Nigeria can strive for a more inclusive and equitable federal system.

EVALUATION