Lesson Notes, Audio Lessons, Exam Questions
Lesson Notes, Audio Lessons, Exam Questions
Welcome to our Geography lesson notes section for all classes. These notes are carefully prepared to align with the Nigerian school syllabus, including WAEC and NECO standards. Students and teachers can access simplified explanations, key concepts, important diagrams, and real-world examples across all Geography topics.
Whether in Junior Secondary School (JSS) or Senior Secondary School (SSS), our Geography materials will help you build a strong understanding of the subject, preparing you for exams and beyond.
Use these notes to study smarter and achieve academic success in Geography.
Find detailed Geography lesson notes for all classes. Comprehensive and syllabus-based content to support students and teachers across all levels.
POPULAR EXAMPLES OF DISASTROUS EARTHQUAKES Africa is generally free from earthquake except along the edge (Morocco, Algeria and Egypt) where some earthquake have been recorded. In East Africa, some major earthquakes have occurred in the rift valley zone e.g. Tanzania,…
An earthquake is a violent tremor in the earth crust which send out a series of vibrating waves in all directions. These are sudden movement or vibrations of in the earth crust. They occur as a result of disturbances within…
Air Pollution Air pollution is when unwanted chemicals, gases, and particles enter the air and the atmosphere causing harm to animals and damaging the natural cycles of the Earth. Various Causes of Air pollution Sulfur dioxide emitted from the combustion…
Bush fallowing is a system of farming or the cultivation of one piece of land for some years before the farmer leaves the piece of land to cultivate another in order to allow the former to regain lost nutrients. Favourable…
Process of extracting valuable minerals from the earth’s surface. Formations in Which Minerals Occur Veins and Lodes – Occurrence of minerals in crevices, cracks or faults in igneous rocks. (a) They are said to occur in veins if they occur…
Phosphates used in the manufacture of fertiliser-Tororo in Uganda and Majingu Hill in Tanzania. Limestone used in cement manufacturing-Hima in N.W Uganda, Tanga in Tanzania, Athi River and Bamburi in Kenya. Fluorspar a source of fluorine used in chemical industries-Kerio…
Language Barrier -Inability to communicate due to the interviewer and the respondent not sharing the same language or respondents may be illiterate and thus unable to fill questionnaire. The problems are: Data may not be collected Illiterate people may give…
Minerals Inorganic substances occurring naturally at or below the earth’s surface. Characteristics of Minerals Different degrees of hardness e.g. some are very hard e.g. diamond while others are very soft e.g. talc. Some have atoms arranged in an orderly manner…
Scientific study of geography using the environment as a laboratory or source of information. Types of Field Work Field Excursion Visiting an area near or far from the school to see geographical phenomena then note down and discuss later in…
Examining the numerical figures in detail. Techniques of analysing Data Calculation of Percentages If in the study of a farm 10 hectares are devoted to coffee, what is the % of the area under coffee? 10/100×10% The table below shows…
Methods of storing information to avoid losing it. Note Taking -Writing in a note book what is being observed, answers during interviews and then notes are compiled in school or office when writing report. Filling In Questionnaires -Filling answers in…
Sampling is examining by taking a sample -a part representing the whole (population). Types of Sampling Random Sampling Selection of members of a group haphazardly where every item has an equal chance of being selected e.g. to select 5 students…
Discrete Data Which is given in whole numbers e.g. 16 elephants 1093 tonnes of wheat Continuous Data Facts and figures which can take any value e.g. Fractions e.g.23 ¼ Decimals e.g. 6.20 mm Values within range e.g. 0-30◦c Grouped Data…
METHODS OF COLLECTING DATA (STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES) Observation Use of eyes to observe features or weather then information is recorded immediately e.g. cloud cover, rocks, soil, land forms, vegetation, etc. Advantages Gives 1st hand information which is reliable. Relevant material to…
Statistics – numerical figures collected systematically and arranged for a particular purpose. Statistical data-information presented inform of numbers e.g. No. of students in a school Mean daily temperature of a place Amount of milk produced daily from a farm Amount of…
Cyclone It’s a low pressure system characterised by low pressure at the centre and increases outwards. Starts in areas where air ascends from the ground to the atmosphere and descends at high altitude. It’s of two types. Tropical cyclones e.g.…
Are a mass of tiny droplets or ice particles formed when water vapour condenses. Three Cloud Forms Cirroform -Thin and wispy clouds composed of ice crystals. stratiform -Appear as greyish sheets covering most of the sky and are rarely broken…
Distinct large parcels of air moving in one direction. Originate from areas of uniform weather and topography from where they derive their characteristics e.g. flat areas, forests, deserts, and snow covered areas. Characteristics of Air Masses A large volume of…
Mist and fog are a mass of tiny water droplets suspended in the lower layers of the atmosphere. Fog is denser than mist i.e. has more moisture. Both hinder visibility although fog reduces visibility to less than a kilometre. When…
Factors Influencing Atmospheric Pressure Altitude: Pressure decreases with increase in altitude because the column of air becomes shorter hence it exerts less weight. Temperature: When air is heated it expands and exerts pressure over a large area resulting in reduced…