Category Geography Lesson Notes for All Classes

Relief/Orographic/Mountain rainfall Rain experienced on the windward slopes of mountains or hills formed when moist air is forced to rise over a mountain or a hill. How it Forms Moist air is forced to rise over a hill or mountain.…

Relief/Topography Relief features such as mountains and hills results in the rising and cooling of moist winds to form relief rainfall. Aspect Windward slopes which are on the path of rain bearing winds receive heavier rainfall than leeward slopes which…

Affects rain formation in such as way that places with high humidity are likely to experience higher rainfall than those with low humidity. Regulates the heat loss from the earth’s surface by absorbing terrestrial radiation (process in which the earth…

This is the prediction of the conditions of the atmosphere for a given place for a certain period. Methods of Weather Forecasting Traditional Methods – Prediction of weather based on traditional beliefs and facts. Plants shedding leaves indicates period of…

The force exerted by gases in the atmosphere on some area or body on the earths surface. Measured using barometers of three types namely mercury, aneroid and Fortin Barometers How It Works Air exerts pressure on the mercury in the…

Direction Wind direction is determined using wind vane. How It Works As the wind blows the arrow swings. The arrow points in the opposite direction of the wind flow. The direction is read from the cardinal compass points. The arrow…

Humidity is the condition of atmosphere with reference to its water content. It’s measured with hygrometer or psychrometer which consists of wet and dry bulb thermometers kept in Stevenson screen. Dry bulb thermometer is a thermometer covered with muslin bag…

Duration of sunshine is measured using Campbell stokes sunshine recorder. How It Works Spherical lens focuses light on sensitized paper. The paper burns when the sun is shining. The total hours of sunshine is got by adding all the burnt…

Rain gauge is the instrument used to measure the amount of rainfall in a day. It should be made of impermeable material which can’t absorb water. How It’s Used/Works It’s taken to an open space to prevent water from dropping…

Rain gauge is the instrument used to measure the amount of rainfall in a day.It should be made of impermeable material which can’t absorb water. How It’s Used/Works It’s taken to an open space to prevent water from dropping into…

Degree of hotness of an object or a place. It’s measured using 3 types of thermometers namely: Maximum thermometer Minimum thermometer Six’s thermometer Maximum Thermometer It’s used to measure the highest temperature reached in a day. It uses mercury. How…

A white wooden box mounted on 4 legs used to house thermometers and hygrometers. The instruments which are found in it are: Maximum thermometer Minimum thermometer Six’s thermometer hygrometer-wet bulb and dry bulb thermometer Importance Provide shade conditions for accurate…

Daily atmospheric conditions of a place at a particular time. Elements of Weather Temperature Humidity precipitation Precipitation Atmospheric pressure Wind Sunshine Cloud cover A Weather Station -A place where observation, measuring and recording of weather elements is done Factors to…

a) The Atmosphere Layer of gases surrounding the earth. The earth revolves with it because it’s held onto it by gravity It’s about 330km thick. Composition of the Atmosphere a) Gases-exist as a mixture b) Smoke particles c) Dust particles…

Internal Structure of the Earth The evidence used to study the earth’s interior are mining drilling quarrying/excavation Crust/Lithosphere Outermost layer of the earth Made of soils and other loose deposits of sand The dominant rocks are granites. Extends 0-50km Has…

Movement of the earth in its orbit around the sun. It’s in anticlockwise direction. The orbit of the earth’s revolution is elliptical. Takes 365 ¼ days in a year or 366 days in a leap year (every 4 years). The…

A star with a greater gravitational pull passed near the sun. It attracted large quantities of gaseous materials from the sun. The materials split, cooled and condensed. Heavier materials collected at the centre to form the core. Less dense materials…

The time recorded in places within the same longitude. A longitude is an imaginary line running from N to S which shows how far E or W a place is from the prime meridian. Greenwich Meridian (0◦) longitude is the…

Any natural heavenly body that orbits around a planet e.g. moon for earth, tritan for Saturn and triton for Neptune. Asteroids/Planetoids Also called minor planets. Are small fragments of rocks left going around the sun when the solar system was…

The Sun It’s the centre of the universe. Characteristics of Sun It’s a star. A star is a heavenly possessing its own light which it transmits. Nebula/galaxy is a cluster of stars. The earth is in a galaxy called The…