Category: Geography

TRANSPORTATION IN NIGERIA Transportation is defined as the movement of people, goods and commodities from one place to another either by land, water or by air. TYPES OF TRANSPORTATION LAND TRANSPORT: This is the movement of people and goods from one place to another by land. Means of transportation by land include: Human portage: This […]

VEGETATION OF NIGERIA The vegetation of Nigeria can be grouped into three major zones and these are: Forest zone/vegetation: This zone contains mainly trees and it is sub-divided into (a) Mangrove swamp forest: Salt and fresh water swamp. (b) Rain forest Savanna zone/vegetation: This zone is made up of mainly grasses and it is further […]

Climate is the average weather condition of the atmosphere over a long period of time usually about 30-35years. FACTORS AFFECTING CLIMATE Latitude Altitude Distance from the sea Ocean currents etc.   Elements of climate Temperature Rainfall Wind Relative humidity Pressure Cloud cover Sunshine (i) Temperature: It is the degree of hotness and coldness of a […]

Relief refers to the surface features of the land above the sea level. The relief of Nigeria can be grouped into two main classes. These are lowlands and highlands. LOWLANDS These are areas below 300m above the sea level. Areas of lowlands in Nigeria include the following. (i)         The Sokoto Plain (200 – 300m) (ii)        […]

LOCATION OF NIGERIA Nigeria is located between 4 0 N and 14 0 N of the Equator, and between 30E and 150 E of the Greenwich Meridian. Note that since Nigeria is located between Latitudes 40 N and 14 0 N, the latitudinal extent of Nigeria is 10 0 i.e. 15 0 – 4 0, […]

: Fruit farming is defined as the type of farming in which farmers cultivate mainly fruit crops for domestic, industrial or commercial purposes.  It is sometimes called orchard farming.   Favourable Factors of Fruit Farming The presence of Mediterranean climate favours fruit farming in the regions. Presence of bright, sunny, weather with hot, dry summers […]

Plantation agriculture can be defined as the cultivation of certain crops (usually Cash crops) on a large area of land. CROPS INVOLVED IN PLANTATION AGRICULTURE It involves the planting of perennial crops such as Cocoa, Rubber, Oil palm, Tea, Coffee etc.   CHARACTERISTIC OF PLANTATION AGRICULTURE It requires a large area of land. It requires […]

Irrigation agriculture is the type of agriculture which involves the artificial application of water to soil or land for farming purposes.  Irrigation is practiced in areas where rainfall is insufficient like Egypt and Sudan in the Nile Basin (using River Nile) and Mali and Northern Nigeria in the Niger Basin using River Niger.   Irrigation […]

Lumbering is defined as the felling of economic trees in the forest for domestic, industrial or commercial purposes. Lumbering is practiced in Equatorial Africa regions like Zaire (around kinshesa, Ituri etc) and in Nigeria (around Benin City, Sapele, Port-Harcourt etc). Favourable Factors for Lumbering in Zaire and Nigeria are: The presence of dense tropical rainforest. […]

Climate is the atmospheric condition of a place over a long period of time. Factors affecting the climate of Africa are: Latitude Altitude Distance from the sea or ocean Ocean currents Planetary winds and pressure belts Slope and aspect Cloud cover Vegetation   TYPES OF CLIMATE IN AFRICA The Equatorial Hot Climate: This is found […]

Africa can be grouped into the following relief regions –           The east (made up partly of mountains) –           The west (made up partly of highlands) –           The south (made up mainly of plateaux) –           The north (made up mainly of ranges)   EAST AFRICA: There are many mountains found in this part of Africa. They […]

LOCATION: Africa is located between latitudes 37o N and 35oS of the equator and 17oW and 51oE of the Greenwich Meridian. POSITION: Africa is the second largest continent in the world after Asia. It is bounded in the north by the Mediterranean sea which separates Africa from Europe, in the south by the Atlantic ocean, […]

A geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of spatial or geographical data.   The acronym GIS is sometimes used for Geographical Information Science or Geospatial Information Studies to refer to the academic discipline or career of working with geographic information systems and is a large domain within the broader academic discipline of Geoinformatics. […]

Land reclamation also known as land fill. It is the process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds, or lake beds. The land reclaimed is known as reclamation ground or land fill. The term “reclamation” also refers to returning disturbed land to an improved state. It is the process of reconverting disturbed land to its former or other productive uses. This can also be referred […]

INTER-DEPENDENCE BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS Urban and rural settlements depend on each other for their continuous existence A. Dependence of Urban Settlement on Rural Settlement The rural areas perform the following functions for the urban centres. (1)        Provision of Food: Urban areas like cities and large towns depend on rural areas for food stuff […]

Distance on a map is the interval between two points on a map. It can either be straight or curved. MEASUREMENT OF STRAIGHT DISTANCES (i)         Locate the places involved on the map. (ii)        Use long ruler to measure the distance between the two points or places. (iii)       Relate the distance measured on the map to […]

Map reading aspect of geography is often referred to as Practical Geography. Map work or map reading involves the ability to recognize conventional signs on a map and using the signs to interpret the map. A map is a representation of the earth’s surface as it is seen from above on a paper. A large […]

A geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of spatial or geographical data. The acronym GIS is sometimes used for Geographical Information Science or Geospatial Information Studies to refer to the academic discipline or career of working with geographic information systems and is a large domain within the broader academic discipline of Geoinformatics. In […]

Weather is defined as the condition of the atmosphere of a place at a certain time or within a short period. The weather of a place is always very brief and changes regularly e.g. the weather of a day could be sunny, rainy or cloudy etc. The climate is defined as the average atmospheric condition […]

Environment is defined as the total surrounding or medium of any organism in a given area. This include the physical surroundings, climatic factors and other living organisms in that surrounding. SPHERES OF THE ENVIRONMENT The earth as an environment is grouped into four spheres: Lithosphere: The solid portion of the environment which contains rocks, sand, […]