Category: SS 2 Geography (1st, 2nd & 3rd Term)

: Fruit farming is defined as the type of farming in which farmers cultivate mainly fruit crops for domestic, industrial or commercial purposes.  It is sometimes called orchard farming.   Favourable Factors of Fruit Farming The presence of Mediterranean climate favours fruit farming in the regions. Presence of bright, sunny, weather with hot, dry summers […]

Plantation agriculture can be defined as the cultivation of certain crops (usually Cash crops) on a large area of land. CROPS INVOLVED IN PLANTATION AGRICULTURE It involves the planting of perennial crops such as Cocoa, Rubber, Oil palm, Tea, Coffee etc.   CHARACTERISTIC OF PLANTATION AGRICULTURE It requires a large area of land. It requires […]

Irrigation agriculture is the type of agriculture which involves the artificial application of water to soil or land for farming purposes.  Irrigation is practiced in areas where rainfall is insufficient like Egypt and Sudan in the Nile Basin (using River Nile) and Mali and Northern Nigeria in the Niger Basin using River Niger.   Irrigation […]

Lumbering is defined as the felling of economic trees in the forest for domestic, industrial or commercial purposes. Lumbering is practiced in Equatorial Africa regions like Zaire (around kinshesa, Ituri etc) and in Nigeria (around Benin City, Sapele, Port-Harcourt etc). Favourable Factors for Lumbering in Zaire and Nigeria are: The presence of dense tropical rainforest. […]

Climate is the atmospheric condition of a place over a long period of time. Factors affecting the climate of Africa are: Latitude Altitude Distance from the sea or ocean Ocean currents Planetary winds and pressure belts Slope and aspect Cloud cover Vegetation   TYPES OF CLIMATE IN AFRICA The Equatorial Hot Climate: This is found […]

Africa can be grouped into the following relief regions –           The east (made up partly of mountains) –           The west (made up partly of highlands) –           The south (made up mainly of plateaux) –           The north (made up mainly of ranges)   EAST AFRICA: There are many mountains found in this part of Africa. They […]

LOCATION: Africa is located between latitudes 37o N and 35oS of the equator and 17oW and 51oE of the Greenwich Meridian. POSITION: Africa is the second largest continent in the world after Asia. It is bounded in the north by the Mediterranean sea which separates Africa from Europe, in the south by the Atlantic ocean, […]

A geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of spatial or geographical data.   The acronym GIS is sometimes used for Geographical Information Science or Geospatial Information Studies to refer to the academic discipline or career of working with geographic information systems and is a large domain within the broader academic discipline of Geoinformatics. […]

Land reclamation also known as land fill. It is the process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds, or lake beds. The land reclaimed is known as reclamation ground or land fill. The term “reclamation” also refers to returning disturbed land to an improved state. It is the process of reconverting disturbed land to its former or other productive uses. This can also be referred […]

INTER-DEPENDENCE BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS Urban and rural settlements depend on each other for their continuous existence A. Dependence of Urban Settlement on Rural Settlement The rural areas perform the following functions for the urban centres. (1)        Provision of Food: Urban areas like cities and large towns depend on rural areas for food stuff […]

A settlement is defined as a place containing one or more buildings with people living in them.  A settlement can be a city, village or a compound. Favourable conditions for siting a settlement: (i)         Adequate water supply (ii)         Fertile soil (iii)        Availability of low and well-drained land. (iv)        Good communication network (v)        Defence/Protection for human […]

Population is defined as the number of people living in an area at a particular time. In terms of countries, China is the most populous country, followed by India, United States, Indonesia etc. In Africa, Nigeria is the most populous country with an approximate population of over 160million people. POPULATION CONCEPTS (a)        OVER POPULATION: Over-population […]

CONVENTIONAL SYMBOLS Conventional signs are symbols used to represent both natural and human features found in an area that is represented on a map. The conventional signs represent the language of the map. The map reader cannot read any map without the use of the signs. They are usually shown at the bottom of all […]

Trade refers to the buying and selling or exchange of goods and services between one region and another in the same country or between one country and another.  The former is called internal trade while the latter is called international trade. FACTORS WHICH FAVOUR INTERNAL TRADE Differences in products produced in the different regions of […]

Manufacturing industry is defined as the industry that is involved in the turning of raw materials into new products by mechanical or chemical process at home or in the factory. CHARACTERISTICS OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Most Nigeria industries rely on imported skilled labour from foreign countries. Most industries also depend on foreign countries for their raw […]

Transportation is defined as the movement of people, goods and commodities from one place to another either by land, water or by air. TYPES OF TRANSPORTATION LAND TRANSPORT: This is the movement of people and goods from one place to another by land. Means of transportation by land include: Human portage: This involves the use […]

Environmental conservation is the process of preserving natural resources from loss, waste or exploitation in order to ensure continuous availability. Environmental conservation methods include the following: Afforestation Re-afforestation Cover-cropping Improved farming techniques Environmental education Recycling Legislation against environmental degradation. EVALUATION: Define environmental conservation. Mention some of the methods of environmental conservation. SOIL Soil is defined […]