JSS1 - SS3 Lesson Notes
Lesson Notes, Audio Lessons, Exam Questions
Lesson Notes, Audio Lessons, Exam Questions
Ecology This is the study of living organisms (plants and animals) in relation to their environment. Ecology is divided into two main branches. ECOLOGICAL CONCEPT HABITAT: is defined as any environment in ,which an organism lives naturally e.g. Fish lives…
Autotrophic Nutrition This is the type of nutrition in which the organisms are able to manufacture their own food. Organisms which can manufacture or synthesize their own food are called autotrophs. Autotrophic nutrition is carried out by all green plants…
ANIMAL NUTRITION (FOOD SUBSTANCES) Food is a complex energy-rich organic matter which living organism feed on to obtain nutrients and substances necessary for life. Food substances are classified to six groups Carbohydrates These are made up of carbon, hydrogen and…
Nutrient cycle is defined as the circulation of certain nutrient such as carbon, sulphur and water in nature Carbon Cycle The carbon cycle is the way carbon (iv) oxide is being used from the atmosphere by photosynthesis and put back…
Nutrition is defined as the process by which living organisms obtain and utilize food material from external environment for metabolic activities such as respiration, growth, excretion and reproduction. Photosynthetic or holophytic Nutrition is defined as a process whereby green plant…
Organization of life is defined as the existence of life from a single called organisms to a multicellular organisms with complex form that perform different functions Levels of Organization 1 First level (cell): A cell which is the functional and…
Classification is defined as the arrangement of living things into groups based on structural genetic and cellular organization. This is called TAXANOMY.The system of classification of living things used today is based on that introduced by Swedish naturalist named Carl…
Living things are those objects that have life e.g. plant and animals. Non-living things are those objects without life or lifeless objects. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS – To look for food – To run away from danger – To…
Science is defined as a systematic process of making enquiry about the living things and non-living things in our environment. The term Biology is coined from two Greek words: bios, meaning life and Logos, meaning study. Therefore, Biology is simply…
Structure and Function of Arteries, Capillaries and Veins What are Arteries? Arteries carry blood away from the heart. They carry oxygenated blood except pulmonary artery which carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Arteries have a thick, muscular wall, which has…
Thrombosis Formation of a clot in the blood vessels is called thrombosis. Coronary thrombosis is the most common. It is caused by blockage of coronary artery which supplies blood to the heart. Blockage may be due to artery becoming fibrous…
The heart has four chambers: Two artria (auricles) and two ventricles. The left and right sides of the heart are separated by a muscle wall (septum) so that oxygenated and deoxygenated blood does not mix. Deoxygenated blood from the rest…
The Circulatory System Large and complex animals have circulatory systems that consist of tubes, a transport fluid and a means of pumping the fluid. Blood is the transport fluid which contains dissolved substances and cells. The tubes are blood vessels…
The factors that affect transpiration are grouped into two. Environmental and Structural Factors Cuticle Environmental factors Temperature Humidity Wind Light Intensity When light intensity is high; more stomata open hence high rate of transpiration. Atmospheric Pressure Availability of Water The…
These are organic compounds that are essential for proper growth, development and functioning of the body. Vitamins are required in very small quantities They are not stored and must be included in the diet Vitamins Band C are soluble in…
Common Dental Disease: Caries, Causes, Treatment & Periodontal Diseases Dental Carries Dental carries are the holes or cavities that are formed as acid corrodes enamel and eventually the dentine Causes Treatment Periodontal Diseases Treatment Care of Teeth In order to…
i = incisors, c = canines, pm = premolars and m = molars The total number is obtained by multiplying by two (for the two halves of each jaw) Adaptation of Teeth to Feeding Premolars and molars: Teeth of Carnivores…
Enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reaction in the body. They are all produced inside cells. Some are intracellular and they catalyse reactions within the cells. Others are extracellular and are secreted out of the cells…
Meaning and Types of Heterotrophism This is a mode of nutrition whereby organisms feed on complex organic matter from other plants or animals All animals are heterotrophs. Their mode of feeding is also said to be holozoic to distinguish it…
Proteins are the most abundant organic compounds in cells and constitute 50% of total dry weight Proteins are compounds which are made up of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and sometimes sulphur and phosphorus. The structural units of proteins are amino…