Mr. FAROUK J. T

ORGANIC EVOLUTION Organic evolution is the sum total of adaptive changes from pre–existing or old forms that has taken place over a long time resulting in diversity of forms, structures and functions among organism. The basis of evolution is that…

Population is a group of organisms of the same specie living in a specified area within a given period of time. Variation refers to the differences which exist between individuals of the same species Types of variations Morphological variation is…

ADAPTIVE COLOURATION This is the possession by an organism of a colour which enables it to catch its prey, avoid its predators or enemies, secure mates and ensure their survival. Adaptive colouration may be grouped into BEHAVIOURAL ADAPTATION: Behaviour is…

COMPETITION Competition is the process by which living organisms in the habitat struggle with one another for limited essential needs in the environment. Such scarce resources in plants include; light, space, nutrient and water while animals complete for food, space…

STRUCTURE OF A FRUIT What is a fruit? A fruit is a matured fertilized ovary of a flower containing one or more seeds. Contrary to this, some plants do not undergo fertilization for the formation of their fruit. Such fruits…

To observe prepared slides of transverse section of stems of herbaceous and woody plants. Permanent slides of transverse sections of: To observe wilting in young herbaceous plants. To examine the exoskeleton in an arthropod. To observe the external features of…

What is a joint?  A joint is a connection between two or more bones. Joints provide articulation between bones making movement possible.. However some joints do not allow any movement e.g. the joints, between bones of the skull. Movable Joints…

There are three types of muscles, located at various parts of the body. In order to function all use energy in form of ATP. These include smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscles.

The mammalian skeleton is divided into two: Axial and Appendicular. Axial skeleton is made up of the skull and the vertebral column. Appendicular skeleton is made up of the pelvic and pectoral girdles and limbs (hind limb and forelimbs). The…

Necessity for support and movement Necessity for support and movement in plants Tissue distribution in Monocotyledonous and Dicotyledonous plants Role of support tissues in young and old plant Plants are held upright by strengthening tissues; Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma Xylem Plants…

Necessity for Support and Movement in Animals. Animals move from place to place: Types and Functions of Skeletons Exoskeleton Functions of Exoskeleton Endoskeleton: Functions External features of Tilapia

The Mammalian Ear The mammalian ear performs two major functions: Hearing and detecting changes in the positions of the body to bring about balance and posture. The ear is divided into three sections. The Outer Ear This consists of: The…

Structure Sclerotic layer Cornea Choroid Ciliary body Suspensory ligaments Are inelastic and attach the lens onto the cilliary body holding it in position. Lens Aqueous humour Iris Vitreous humour Retina Fovea centralis Optic nerve Optic nerve has neurons for transmission…

WHAT IS ENDOCRINE? Endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones. The glands have no ducts and are known as endocrine glands. Other glands are known as exocrine glands because they have ducts. The pancreas has an outer exocrine portion…

The spinal cord is located within the vertebral column and consist of the following: The grey matter forms the central part of the spinal cord. It consists of nerve¬cell bodies and intermediate nerve fibres. The white matter of the spinal…

The Central Nervous System (CNS) consists of the brain and the spinal cord. The CNS co-ordinates body activities by receiving impulses from sensory cells from different parts of the body. It then sends the impulses to the appropriate effectors. The…

What is the nervous system? The nervous system is a complex network of nerves and cells that carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body Components of the Nervous System in Humans…

The nervous and endocrine systems (together known as the neuro-endocrine system) act as a co-coordinating system. They linking the receptors to the effectors and regulating their activities. Receptors Effectors

The structures involved in detecting the changes may be located far away from the ones that respond. There is need for a communication system within the body. The nervous system and the endocrine system perform this function, i.e. linking the…

Auxins are produced by plant apices, i.e. root apex and shoot apex. They bring about cell elongation resulting in growth. They are diffusible substances which effect growth when in very small amounts. Roots require lower concentrations than shoots. The effect…