FOOD PRODUCTION AND STORAGE
(1) Role of government in agricultural production
Environmental factors required for food production
3Ways of improving crop production
PEST AND DISEASES OF CROPS AND LIVESTOCK
A pest is an organism which harbors disease organism(s) or causes damage to other organism(s). There are crop and livestock (animals) pests.
IMPORTANCE OF BIOLOGY TO AGRICULTURE
CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS Plants exists in various forms and types hence, the need for classification. Plants can be classified on the following bases Botanical classification Agricultural classification Classification based on life cycle Classification based on size BOTANICAL CLASSIFICATION The concept of binomial nomenclature has it that plant kingdom can be subdivided into divisions, classes, orders, …
BETTER HEALTH: VECTORS, GOOD HEALTH & MICRO ORGANISMS
CONTROL OF HARMFUL MICRO-ORGANISMS The control of harmful microbes include removal, inhibition of growth or killing by physical agents/processes and chemical agents or antibiotics. Some common methods of controlling harmful microorganisms in order to maintain good health include High and low temperature: Boiling or heating of food, pasteurization of milk, sterilization of medical instruments and …
BETTER HEALTH: VECTORS, GOOD HEALTH & MICRO ORGANISMS Read More »
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (STI)
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) (veneral diseases) are the diseases that are contacted through sexual intercourse. Examples include syphilis, gonorrhea, herpes, thrush, AIDSetc.The table below shows a list of STIs, their symptoms, transmission, etc. DISEASE CAUSATIVE ORGANISM SYMPTOMS PREVENTION/CONTROL GONORRHOEA Bacterium (Neisseria gonorrhea) − Burning sensation during urination in males − A thick yellowish discharge …
MICRO ORGANISMS: GROWTH, DISEASES, BENEFITS & HARMFUL EFFECTS
Bacteria reproduce by binary fission in which a single cell divides into two. This process is called asexual reproduction. The time interval required for the cell to divide into two is called generation time. This time varies from one organism to another. It strongly depends upon nutrient availability, temperature, gaseous requirement and pH. There are …
MICRO ORGANISMS: GROWTH, DISEASES, BENEFITS & HARMFUL EFFECTS Read More »
MICRO-ORGANISMS
Micro-organisms otherwise called microbes or germs can be defined as living things which cannot be seen with unaided eye but by the use of microscopes. They exist almost everywhere, in water, air, soil, surface of objects, as well as on and within living organisms. They are carried by air currents from the earth’s surface …
BALANCE IN NATURE AND FAMILY PANNING
hen population-influenced factors (abiotic and biotic) are favourable, growth is promoted but when they are unfavourable growth is retarded.
OVERCROWDING AND FOOD SHORTAGE
OVERCROWDING This is a situation in which a population increases beyond a point called the carrying capacity where the resources (e.g., food and space) are not enough to support all the individuals in the population. Therefore, overcrowding reduces the food and space available for individual species in the population. FACTORS CAUSING OVERCROWDING Natality: An increase …
ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION
The orderly change in the inhabitants of an area over time is called succession. It can also be defined as the step by step orderly and gradual replacement of communities of organisms that leads to a climax community. An illustration of succession is that of a pond. Rain carries sediment from surrounding land into the …
POLLINATION
This is the transfer of mature pollen grains from the anther of one flower to the mature stigma of the same or another flower of the same plant or another plant of closely related species. Pollination usually precedes fertilization. There are two types of pollination namely, self-pollination and cross-pollination. SELF POLLINATION This is the transfer …
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN PLANTS
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS IN PLANTS The flower is the reproductive structure of a flowering plant. It has both male and female sex organs hence it can carry out sexual reproduction. After fertilization has taken place in flowers, seeds are produced. A flower has two major parts: The floral part (whorls) The …
MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Most multicellular animals and plants undergo a complex form of sexual reproduction in which especially differentiated male and female reproductive cells (gametes) unite to form a single cell, known as a zygote, which later undergoes successive divisions to form a new organism. The process takes place with the help of the system known …
EXCRETORY SYSTEM IN MAMMALS AND PLANTS
EXCRETORY SYSTEM IN MAMMALS Mammalian lungs excrete water vapour, and C02, the liver excretes bile pigment called bilirubin, the skin excretes water, salt and urea through the sweat, and the kidney excretes water, mineral salt and urea. The excretory system of mammals consists of a pair of kidneys, ureter, bladder, renal artery and a renal …
EXCRETION AND EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Excretion is the process by which metabolic waste products are removed from the body of all living things. Excretion is different from egestion which is the removal of solid waste (undigested food substances i.e.faeces) through the anus. Excretion is necessary for the following reasons: To avoid or prevent any harm that would be caused by …
Food Commodities: Milk, Vegetables and Fruits
MILK Milk is a creamy, nutritious liquid produced by female mammals for feeding their young. The commonest in use is cow milk. Milk is nature’s perfect food for children since it contains almost all the food nutrients, although not enough for adults. It is also valuable in the diet of invalids and convalescents because it …
ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT
TYPES OF ASSOCIATIONS AND THEIR FEATURES SYMBIOSIS OR MUTUALISM (+ +) Definition: When both population benefit and at least one of them is so dependent upon the other for some critical resource or function that it cannot survive in the given environment without the other species is referred to as mutualism or symbiosis. Symbiosis is …
FUNCTIONING ECOSYSTEM
FEEDING RELATIONSHIPS Since all living organisms must obtain energy and nutrients from the environment in order to remain alive, they are into feeding relationships. This makes an ecosystem a functional unit. All organisms fall into one of the three major groups of biotic community, namely: producers (autotrophs), consumer (heterotrophs) and decomposers The autotrophs provide food …
BIOMES
Biomes are large natural terrestrial ecosystems, identified by their dominant vegetation. They are terrestrial because plants form the bulk of the community in any ecosystem e.g. a forest biome has densely packed tall trees while grasses and few scattered shrubs are found in a savanna biome. Climatic factors determine the type of vegetation in a …
BASIC ECOLOGICAL CONCEPTS
DEFINITION OF ECOLOGY Ecology is the study of plant and animals (as well as microorganism) in relation to their environment. As a practical science, ecological studies involve:- Studying the distribution of living organisms Finding out how living organisms depend on themselves and their non-living environment for survival. Measuring factors affecting the environment. BRANCHES OF ECOLOGY …