SS 2 Biology (1st, 2nd & 3rd Term)

The Eyes | Anatomy, Functions, Problems, Solutions, Symptoms or Signs, Care For Eyes

The eyes are remarkable sensory organs that provide us with a sense of sight, allowing us to perceive the world around us in rich detail. Key Facts About The Eyes: 1. Complex Anatomy: The human eye is a complex structure made up of several components that work together to capture and process visual information. These …

The Eyes | Anatomy, Functions, Problems, Solutions, Symptoms or Signs, Care For Eyes Read More »

BALANCE IN NATURE AND FAMILY PANNING

hen population-influenced factors (abiotic and biotic) are favourable, growth is promoted but when they are unfavourable growth is retarded.

OVERCROWDING AND FOOD SHORTAGE

OVERCROWDING This is a situation in which a population increases beyond a point called the carrying capacity where the resources (e.g., food and space) are not enough to support all the individuals in the population. Therefore, overcrowding reduces the food and space available for individual species in the population. FACTORS CAUSING OVERCROWDING Natality: An increase …

OVERCROWDING AND FOOD SHORTAGE Read More »

ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION

The orderly change in the inhabitants of an area over time is called succession. It can also be defined as the step by step orderly and gradual replacement of communities of organisms that leads to a climax community. An illustration of succession is that of a pond. Rain carries sediment from surrounding land into the …

ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION Read More »

POLLINATION

This is the transfer of mature pollen grains from the anther of one flower to the mature stigma of the same or another flower of the same plant or another plant of closely related species. Pollination usually precedes fertilization. There are two types of pollination namely, self-pollination and cross-pollination. SELF POLLINATION This is the transfer …

POLLINATION Read More »

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN PLANTS

STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS IN PLANTS The flower is the reproductive structure of a flowering plant. It has both male and female sex organs hence it can carry out sexual reproduction. After fertilization has taken place in flowers, seeds are produced. A flower has two major parts: The floral part (whorls) The …

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN PLANTS Read More »

MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Most multicellular animals and plants undergo a complex form of sexual reproduction in which especially differentiated male and female reproductive cells (gametes) unite to form a single cell, known as a zygote, which later undergoes successive divisions to form a new organism. The process takes place with the help of the system known …

MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES Read More »

EXCRETORY SYSTEM IN MAMMALS AND PLANTS

EXCRETORY SYSTEM IN MAMMALS Mammalian lungs excrete water vapour, and C02, the liver excretes bile pigment called bilirubin, the skin excretes water, salt and urea through the sweat, and the kidney excretes water, mineral salt and urea. The excretory system of mammals consists of a pair of kidneys, ureter, bladder, renal artery and a renal …

EXCRETORY SYSTEM IN MAMMALS AND PLANTS Read More »

EXCRETION AND EXCRETORY SYSTEM

Excretion is the process by which metabolic waste products are removed from the body of all living things. Excretion is different from egestion which is the removal of solid waste (undigested food substances i.e.faeces) through the anus. Excretion is necessary for the following reasons: To avoid or prevent any harm that would be caused by …

EXCRETION AND EXCRETORY SYSTEM Read More »

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF MAMMALS & RESPIRATION IN PLANTS

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IN MAMMALS The respiratory system of mammals is the most complex of all respiratory systems. It comprises a pair of lungs enclosed in the thorax and connected to the outside by a series of branched air tubes. In human beings, air can be drawn in through the mouth or nose. Both lead into …

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF MAMMALS & RESPIRATION IN PLANTS Read More »

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM | DEFINITION, TYPES, FISH, TOAD, SKIN & LUNGS

DEFINITION/PHASES OF RESPIRATION The process of respiration involves the taking in of oxygen its transport within the body of the organism, its exchange in the cells and the eventual release of energy in form of ATP, water and carbon(IV)oxide. The energy is utilized by the cells for their daily activities. Respiration can therefore be defined …

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM | DEFINITION, TYPES, FISH, TOAD, SKIN & LUNGS Read More »

TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN HIGHER PLANTS

In simple unicellular plant materials are exchanged by simple diffusion process between the plants and its aquatic environment. Hence there is no need for elaborate transport system. However, in higher plant such as ferns and the flowering plants. There is a need for elaborate transport system for transporting water and mineral salts from the soil …

TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN HIGHER PLANTS Read More »

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM | CLOTTING, VESSELS, ARTERY, VEIN, HEART & ORGANS

PROTECTIVE FUNCTION OF BLOOD The blood performs two basic functions in mammals and these are: (1) Transportation of various substances and (2) Protection of the body against diseases The blood defends the body in major ways Antibody production (Clumping): The lymphocytes produce antibodies which are any of a large variety of proteins normally present in …

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM | CLOTTING, VESSELS, ARTERY, VEIN, HEART & ORGANS Read More »

TRANSPORT SYSTEM | ORGANISMS, MAMMALS, ANIMALS & PLANTS

Transport system is the movement of metabolic materials from various parts of an organism where they are produced and transported to other parts where such are used, stored or removed from the body. Need For Transport System All living organisms (plants and animals) need transport system for the following reasons To obtain essential materials such …

TRANSPORT SYSTEM | ORGANISMS, MAMMALS, ANIMALS & PLANTS Read More »

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM | HYDRA, EARTHWORM, INSECTS, BIRD, MAN

INVERTEBRATES Feeding in Hydra Digestion in Planaria Digestion in Earthworms Digestion in insects (Grasshopper) VERTEBRATES Digestion in Birds Digestion in Rabbits FEEDING IN HYDRA Hydra feeds on small aquatic organisms e.g. crustaceans. It captures its food through its structure called nematocysts found on its tentacles. The food is then passed into the mouth while the …

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM | HYDRA, EARTHWORM, INSECTS, BIRD, MAN Read More »

MAMMALIAN TEETH

TYPES OF TEETH Human beings have two sets of teeth in their lifetime. The first set is called the milk teeth that grow when the child is few months old. They are about twenty (20) in numbers. These include only three types of teeth i.e. Incisors, canine and premolars. They later fall off to be …

MAMMALIAN TEETH Read More »

TISSUE AND SUPPORTING SYSTEM

To carry out life processes, all organisms (plants and animals) need tissues. Tissues are group of similar cells that carry out specific functions. Skeleton is the framework of the body which provides support, shape and protection to the soft tissues and organs in animals. It forms the central core of human body and it is …

TISSUE AND SUPPORTING SYSTEM Read More »

ADAPTATION

ADAPTATION Adaptation is defined as the ability of an organism to live successfully in a particular habitat as a result of its structure, appearance and behaviour. It is expected that every organism must adapt to its environment in order to survive. Plants and animals possess certain features which enable them to adapt to either aquatic …

ADAPTATION Read More »

ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT

Biological Association In a community, there exist different kinds of biological associations between organisms of different species. Some of these biological associations are beneficial, some are neutral while others are harmful. Types of Associations Symbiosis Definition: This is a close association between two organisms in which one or both of them benefit from each …

ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT Read More »

CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES

CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES Definition: Conservation is defined as the planned, control exploitation or judicious use of natural resources to ensure their continuous availability and to preserve the quality or original nature of the environment. In other words, conservation is the preservation of natural resources from loss, waste or exploitation through rational use and to …

CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES Read More »