VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS
Volumetric Analysis Volumetric analysis involves acid base titration. Mole Ratio Mole ratio is the ratio of the reacting species. This determines the ratio of the acid that would react with… Read More »VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS
SS 3 Chemistry (1st, 2nd & 3rd Term)
Test for Anions
Identification of gases e.g CO2, SO2 and O2. Characteristics test for anions e.g SO42-,SO32-,CO32-,NO-3, Cl–, etc. The anions are negatively change ions examples of anions are SO42-,SO32-,CO32-,S2- etc. Identification… Read More »Test for Anions
INTRODUCTION TO QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
Introduction to Qualitative Analysis Test for carbons using H2S, NaOH and NH4OH, Confirmatory Test for the cat ions. What is Qualitative Analysis? Qualitative analysis involves examination of colour, flame… Read More »INTRODUCTION TO QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
METALS AND THEIR COMPOUND
Aluminum can be obtained as Kaolin, Al2O3.2SiO3.2H2O, cryolite. Na3AlF6, Corundum Al2O3 and mica K2O.Al2O3.6SiO2. NB: the main source of aluminum is bauxite Al2O3.2H2O Extraction Aluminum can be found in… Read More »METALS AND THEIR COMPOUND
PRELIMINARY PREPARATION
Metals are found mixed with earthy materials as ores. Ores are often concentrated and converted to oxides before extraction Concentration of the ore can be done by any of… Read More »PRELIMINARY PREPARATION
METALLIC BONDING | FULL EXPLANATION
The atoms of metals are held together in crystal lattice by metallic bonds Properties they are good conductors of electricity and heat high melting and boiling points they are malleable… Read More »METALLIC BONDING | FULL EXPLANATION
SIMPLE MOLECULES AND THEIR SHAPES
SIMPLE MOLECULES AND THEIR SHAPES Covalent Molecules e.g methane, diamond, crystalline solid – their network structure e.g diamond. Simple Molecules and their shapes The factors that is responsible for… Read More »SIMPLE MOLECULES AND THEIR SHAPES
NUCLEAR REACTIONS
Nuclear Reaction This is the spontaneous emission of radiation that involves the nuclei of radioactive element. Nuclear Fusion This is the process in which two or more light nuclei… Read More »NUCLEAR REACTIONS
Nuclear Chemistry
Nuclear Chemistry is an aspect of chemistry that deal with nuclei of atoms. Radioactivity This is the spontaneous emission of radiation by radioactive element such as Thorium, Uranium etc. Characteristics… Read More »Nuclear Chemistry
AMINES AND AMIDES
AMINES It has a functional group of NH2. GENERAL MOLECULAR FORMULAR/STRUCTURE It has a general molecular formula of RNH2 or structure of R – N – H H PREPARATION: They… Read More »AMINES AND AMIDES
CARBOHYDRATES
Carbohydrates are naturally occurring organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygenwith oxygen in the ratio 1:2 as in water. The general molelcular formula of carbohydrates is Cx(H2O)y or CxH2yOy. Carbohydrates… Read More »CARBOHYDRATES
NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC POLYMERS
NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC POLYMERS Polymerisation (addition and condensation) plastics. Thermosplastic and thermosetting polymers, resins. Polymer is the final product, macromolecule of high molecular mars. It consists of a… Read More »NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC POLYMERS
Fats and Oils As Higher Esters
Sources, properties and uses detergents and soaps Structure, their mode and action. Fats and oils belong to a general group of compounds known as lipids. SOURCES Fats are solids that… Read More »Fats and Oils As Higher Esters
ALKANOIC ACIDS
ALKANOATES General molecular formula, nomenclature, preparation, properties and uses. SOURCES The alkanoic acid or carboxylic acids are also called fatty acids because some of them are found in natural… Read More »ALKANOIC ACIDS
ALKANOLS
SOURCES OF ALKANOLS – From destructive distillation wood. – From starchy food and sugar General molecular formular Alkanol is a homologous series with general molecular formular of Cn H2n+1OH… Read More »ALKANOLS
AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
Benzene: Benzene is a typical aromatic compound with molecular formula of C6H6. It has the structure of: Preparation From coal tar: The destructive distillation of coal produced coal tar which… Read More »AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
ALKYNES
Alkynes are the homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbon with a general molecular formua CnH2n-2. Alkynes show a high degree of unsaturation than alkenes, hence,t hey are chemically more reactive than… Read More »ALKYNES
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons – Alkenes
UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS These are hydrocarbons in which carbon atoms join with each other by multiple bonds. The multiple bond can be double bonds e.g Alkene or triple bonds e.g Alkyne.… Read More »Unsaturated Hydrocarbons – Alkenes
Saturated Hydrocarbons
Saturated Hydrocarbons Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons consisting of carbon chains with single bond between them in which carbon joins with another carbon by single covalent bond e.g Alkanes ( like… Read More »Saturated Hydrocarbons