Lesson Notes, Audio Lessons, Exam Questions
Lesson Notes, Audio Lessons, Exam Questions
Welcome to our collection of Biology lesson notes covering all topics for SS 1 to SS 3 students. These notes are aligned with the WAEC and NECO syllabus, providing a structured approach to mastering key concepts in Biology. From cell biology to ecology, you’ll find lessons on the essential topics you need to excel in your exams.
Our resources are designed to support both independent study and classroom learning, helping you build a strong foundation in Biology.
Whether you’re revising for your exams or seeking to understand complex concepts, these notes and topics will guide your learning every step of the way.
See our comprehensive Biology lesson notes and topics for SS 1 to SS 3 students. Perfect for WAEC and NECO preparation.
Bacteria reproduce by binary fission, in which a single cell divides into two. This process is called asexual reproduction. The time interval required for the cell to divide into two is called the generation time. This time varies from one…
Micro-organisms otherwise called microbes or germs can be defined as living things which cannot be seen with unaided eye but by the use of microscopes. They exist almost everywhere, in water, air, soil, surface of objects, as well as on…
hen population-influenced factors (abiotic and biotic) are favourable, growth is promoted but when they are unfavourable growth is retarded.
The orderly change in the inhabitants of an area over time is called succession. It can also be defined as the step by step orderly and gradual replacement of communities of organisms that leads to a climax community. An illustration…
This is the transfer of mature pollen grains from the anther of one flower to the mature stigma of the same or another flower of the same plant or another plant of closely related species. Pollination usually precedes fertilization. There…
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS IN PLANTS The flower is the reproductive structure of a flowering plant. It has both male and female sex organs hence it can carry out sexual reproduction. After fertilization has taken place in…
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Most multicellular animals and plants undergo a complex form of sexual reproduction in which especially differentiated male and female reproductive cells (gametes) unite to form a single cell, known as a zygote, which later undergoes successive divisions to…
Excretion is the process by which metabolic waste products are removed from the body of all living things. Excretion is different from egestion which is the removal of solid waste (undigested food substances i.e.faeces) through the anus. Excretion is necessary…
TYPES OF ASSOCIATIONS AND THEIR FEATURES SYMBIOSIS OR MUTUALISM (+ +) Definition: When both population benefit and at least one of them is so dependent upon the other for some critical resource or function that it cannot survive in the…
FEEDING RELATIONSHIPS Since all living organisms must obtain energy and nutrients from the environment in order to remain alive, they are into feeding relationships. This makes an ecosystem a functional unit. All organisms fall into one of the three major…
POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS These include population size, density, frequency, percentage cover and distribution. Population density = population size / area of habitat. EVALUATION POPULATION STUDIES EVALUATION FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION MEASUREMENT OF ECOLOGICAL FACTORS These factors can be measured using some instruments…
Biomes are large natural terrestrial ecosystems, identified by their dominant vegetation. They are terrestrial because plants form the bulk of the community in any ecosystem e.g. a forest biome has densely packed tall trees while grasses and few scattered shrubs…
Ecology is the study of plant and animals (as well as microorganism) in relation to their environment. As a practical science, ecological studies involve:- BRANCHES OF ECOLOGY Depending on whether the organisms are studied alone or in groups, ecology is…
ANIMAL NUTRITION Animals generally cannot manufacture their food. Rather, they depend directly or indirectly on plants for their food. Hence they are called heterotrophs. Based on their food types, animals are grouped into three: CLASSES OF FOOD SUBTANNCES Foods eaten…
IRRITABILITY AND TYPES OF RESPONSES Irritability is the ability of organisms to respond to stimuli. A stimulus is any change in external or internal environmental condition which can bring about a change in the activity of the whole or part…
REPRODUCTION IN AMOEBA Amoeba reproduces asexually by binary fission and multiple fission (sporulation) during adverse condition. In binary fission when an amoeba reaches full size, it stops moving and divides into two equal parts starting from the nucleus. This is…
There are two types of sexual reproduction, this includes conjugation and fusion of gametes. EVALUATION MEIOSIS Meiosis is the reduction method of division that leads to the formation of four daughter cells that are haploids. Meiosis differs from mitosis, in…
Meaning & Types of Reproduction Reproduction is the ability of an organism to give rise to new individuals of the same species in order to ensure continuity of life. There are two types of reproduction EVALUATION Forms of Asexual Reproduction…
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IN MAMMALS The respiratory system of mammals is the most complex of all respiratory systems. It comprises a pair of lungs enclosed in the thorax and connected to the outside by a series of branched air tubes. In…
DEFINITION/PHASES OF RESPIRATION The process of respiration involves the taking in of oxygen its transport within the body of the organism, its exchange in the cells and the eventual release of energy in form of ATP, water and carbon(IV)oxide. The…