Lesson Notes, Audio Lessons, Exam Questions
Lesson Notes, Audio Lessons, Exam Questions
Welcome to our collection of Biology lesson notes covering all topics for SS 1 to SS 3 students. These notes are aligned with the WAEC and NECO syllabus, providing a structured approach to mastering key concepts in Biology. From cell biology to ecology, you’ll find lessons on the essential topics you need to excel in your exams.
Our resources are designed to support both independent study and classroom learning, helping you build a strong foundation in Biology.
Whether you’re revising for your exams or seeking to understand complex concepts, these notes and topics will guide your learning every step of the way.
See our comprehensive Biology lesson notes and topics for SS 1 to SS 3 students. Perfect for WAEC and NECO preparation.
To observe prepared slides of transverse section of stems of herbaceous and woody plants. Permanent slides of transverse sections of: To observe wilting in young herbaceous plants. To examine the exoskeleton in an arthropod. To observe the external features of…
What is a joint? A joint is a connection between two or more bones. Joints provide articulation between bones making movement possible.. However some joints do not allow any movement e.g. the joints, between bones of the skull. Movable Joints…
There are three types of muscles, located at various parts of the body. In order to function all use energy in form of ATP. These include smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscles.
The mammalian skeleton is divided into two: Axial and Appendicular. Axial skeleton is made up of the skull and the vertebral column. Appendicular skeleton is made up of the pelvic and pectoral girdles and limbs (hind limb and forelimbs). The…
Necessity for support and movement Necessity for support and movement in plants Tissue distribution in Monocotyledonous and Dicotyledonous plants Role of support tissues in young and old plant Plants are held upright by strengthening tissues; Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma Xylem Plants…
Necessity for Support and Movement in Animals. Animals move from place to place: Types and Functions of Skeletons Exoskeleton Functions of Exoskeleton Endoskeleton: Functions External features of Tilapia
The Mammalian Ear The mammalian ear performs two major functions: Hearing and detecting changes in the positions of the body to bring about balance and posture. The ear is divided into three sections. The Outer Ear This consists of: The…
Structure Sclerotic layer Cornea Choroid Ciliary body Suspensory ligaments Are inelastic and attach the lens onto the cilliary body holding it in position. Lens Aqueous humour Iris Vitreous humour Retina Fovea centralis Optic nerve Optic nerve has neurons for transmission…
Drug abuse can be defined as misuse of drugs. Drugs are chemical compounds that affect the working of body or kill disease causing microorganisms. Prescription drugs There are drugs prescribed by a doctor. Prescribed drugs can be abused through taking…
WHAT IS ENDOCRINE? Endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones. The glands have no ducts and are known as endocrine glands. Other glands are known as exocrine glands because they have ducts. The pancreas has an outer exocrine portion…
The spinal cord is located within the vertebral column and consist of the following: The grey matter forms the central part of the spinal cord. It consists of nerve¬cell bodies and intermediate nerve fibres. The white matter of the spinal…
The Central Nervous System (CNS) consists of the brain and the spinal cord. The CNS co-ordinates body activities by receiving impulses from sensory cells from different parts of the body. It then sends the impulses to the appropriate effectors. The…
What is the nervous system? The nervous system is a complex network of nerves and cells that carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body Components of the Nervous System in Humans…
The nervous and endocrine systems (together known as the neuro-endocrine system) act as a co-coordinating system. They linking the receptors to the effectors and regulating their activities. Receptors Effectors
The structures involved in detecting the changes may be located far away from the ones that respond. There is need for a communication system within the body. The nervous system and the endocrine system perform this function, i.e. linking the…
Auxins are produced by plant apices, i.e. root apex and shoot apex. They bring about cell elongation resulting in growth. They are diffusible substances which effect growth when in very small amounts. Roots require lower concentrations than shoots. The effect…
Meaning of Evolution and Current Concepts Evolution is the development of organisms from pre-existing simple organisms over a long period of time. It is based on the similarities in structure and function that is observed in all organisms. All are…
Comparison of Vertebrate Limbs Limbs of various vertebrates are provided: e.g. fish- Tilapia, amphibian-frog reptiles, lizard; bird – domestic fowl (chicken), mammal- rabbit. Their anatomy can be studied. The following can be noted: Comparison of Wings of bird and insect
Height of Students Discontinuous variations – Ability to Roll Tongue Demonstration of Mitosis and Meisosis Mitosis Plasticene is used to represent number and shapes of various chromosomes e.g. 8 in Drosophila melanogaster. Each stage of mitosis illustrated e.g. interphase. Each…
This is a technology that involves the manipulation of the genotype of an organism to get the desired trait. It also involves the transfer of gene coding for the desired trait from one organism to another. Application of Genetic Engineering…