TRANSPORTATION IN NIGERIA Transportation is defined as the movement of people, goods and commodities from one place to another either by land, water or by air. TYPES OF TRANSPORTATION LAND TRANSPORT: This is the movement of people and goods from one place to another by land. Means of transportation by land include: Human portage: This … Read more
VEGETATION OF NIGERIA The vegetation of Nigeria can be grouped into three major zones and these are: Forest zone/vegetation: This zone contains mainly trees and it is sub-divided into (a) Mangrove swamp forest: Salt and fresh water swamp. (b) Rain forest Savanna zone/vegetation: This zone is made up of mainly grasses and it is further … Read more
Climate is the average weather condition of the atmosphere over a long period of time usually about 30-35years. FACTORS AFFECTING CLIMATE Latitude Altitude Distance from the sea Ocean currents etc. Elements of climate Temperature Rainfall Wind Relative humidity Pressure Cloud cover Sunshine (i) Temperature: It is the degree of hotness and coldness of a … Read more
Relief refers to the surface features of the land above the sea level. The relief of Nigeria can be grouped into two main classes. These are lowlands and highlands. LOWLANDS These are areas below 300m above the sea level. Areas of lowlands in Nigeria include the following. (i) The Sokoto Plain (200 – 300m) (ii) … Read more
LOCATION OF NIGERIA Nigeria is located between 4 0 N and 14 0 N of the Equator, and between 30E and 150 E of the Greenwich Meridian. Note that since Nigeria is located between Latitudes 40 N and 14 0 N, the latitudinal extent of Nigeria is 10 0 i.e. 15 0 – 4 0, … Read more
Distance on a map is the interval between two points on a map. It can either be straight or curved. MEASUREMENT OF STRAIGHT DISTANCES (i) Locate the places involved on the map. (ii) Use long ruler to measure the distance between the two points or places. (iii) Relate the distance measured on the map to … Read more
Map reading aspect of geography is often referred to as Practical Geography. Map work or map reading involves the ability to recognize conventional signs on a map and using the signs to interpret the map. A map is a representation of the earth’s surface as it is seen from above on a paper. A large … Read more
A geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of spatial or geographical data. The acronym GIS is sometimes used for Geographical Information Science or Geospatial Information Studies to refer to the academic discipline or career of working with geographic information systems and is a large domain within the broader academic discipline of Geoinformatics. In … Read more
Weather is defined as the condition of the atmosphere of a place at a certain time or within a short period. The weather of a place is always very brief and changes regularly e.g. the weather of a day could be sunny, rainy or cloudy etc. The climate is defined as the average atmospheric condition … Read more
Environment is defined as the total surrounding or medium of any organism in a given area. This include the physical surroundings, climatic factors and other living organisms in that surrounding. SPHERES OF THE ENVIRONMENT The earth as an environment is grouped into four spheres: Lithosphere: The solid portion of the environment which contains rocks, sand, … Read more
A plain is an extensive area of level or gentle undulating land, usually a few meters above the sea-level. Types of Plains (i) Structural Plain (ii) Erosional Plain (iii) Depositional Plain (1) Structural Plains Mode of Formation: These are relatively undisturbed horizontal surface of the earth, formed by bedded sedimentary rocks. Examples include the Russian … Read more
Plateaux are elevated uplands. They have extensive flat or level surfaces which usually descend sharply to the surrounding lowland. It has gentle slope. They are often referred to as table lands because of their flat or level surfaces. Plateaus are tabular in shape, steep-sided with rough and irregular surface. They have narrow valleys and sometimes … Read more
Mountains are great elevated land surfaces resulting from intense action of internal forces. They have steep slopes and show distinct peaks. Mountains are classified according to their mode of formation, resulting in four major types of mountains. These are (i) Fold mountain (ii) Block Mountain (iii) Volcanic Mountain (iv) Residual mountain (a) Fold Mountains Characteristics: … Read more
MOUNTAINS Mountains are great elevated land surfaces resulting from intense action of internal forces. They have steep slopes and show distinct peaks. Mountains are classified according to their mode of formation, resulting in four major types of mountains. These are (i) Fold mountains (ii) Block Mountains (iii) Volcanic Mountains and (iv) Residual mountain (a) … Read more
A geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of spatial or geographical data. The acronym GIS is sometimes used for Geographical Information Science or Geospatial Information Studies to refer to the academic discipline or career of working with geographic information systems and is a large domain within the broader academic discipline of Geoinformatics. … Read more
The earth crust consists of rocks. A rock is any mineral material of the earth. It may be a combination of different mineral element such as silica which contains silicon and oxygen. All the rocks differ from one another in texture, structure, colour, permeability, mode of occurrence and degree of resistance to denudation. Types … Read more
The internal structure of the earth is made up of three concentric layers which are (a) The crust (Lithosphere) (b) The mantle (Mesosphere) (c) The core (Barysphere) The Crust Read moreTOURISMThis is subdivided into upper and lower crust. The upper crust consists of granite rocks and forms the continent. The main minerals here are … Read more
The structure of the earth is grouped into two zones: The outer structure and the internal structure. THE OUTER STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH The outer structure of the earth is made up of four zones or layers: Lithosphere Hydrosphere Atmosphere Biosphere Lithosphere: This is the solid portion of the earth. It is the outermost zone … Read more
Calculation of distance using lines of latitude Procedures: locate the two places involved find the latitude difference between the two places Note: North-North= subtract North-South= add South-North= add Equator-North= add or subtract Read moreTOURISMEquator-South= add or subtract multiply the latitude difference by 111km 1°=111km( 1° of latitude is approx. 111km on land) Example … Read more
MEANING OF LATITUDE Latitude is an angular distance of a point on earth’s surface measured in degrees from the centre of the earth. Latitude is parallel to the equator .Equator divides the earth into two equal halves known as Northern & southern hemisphere. Lines of latitude are sometimes called parallel of latitude. IMPORTANT LINES … Read more