Apartheid in South Africa: A Dark Chapter in History and the Fight for Change Introduction Apartheid, the legalized system of racial segregation and discrimination, was a dark period in South African history that lasted for nearly five decades, from 1948 to 1994. Under apartheid, the South African government institutionalized racial hierarchy, stripping the non-white majority …
Human trafficking refers to the recruitment, transportation, receipt, and harbouring of individuals in exchange for money. It involves exploiting vulnerable people, particularly women and children, who are subjected to forced labour, slavery, servitude, and prostitution. Those involved in this illicit business are known as human traffickers. Human trafficking is a grave violation of human rights, …
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What is the concept of the rule of law? The rule of law is a foundational principle that upholds the supremacy of law, as administered through ordinary courts. It asserts that all citizens, including government officials, are equally subject to the law and entitled to its protection. This concept also encompasses the idea that law …
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Constitutional democracy is a form of government that is founded on the principles of popular sovereignty, respect for fundamental human rights, and adherence to the rule of law. It is a system where the people hold ultimate political authority, and the constitution serves as the supreme law of the land, guiding the operation and control …
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Abraham Lincoln famously stated that democracy is a form of governance that derives its power from the people, is executed by the people, and serves the interests of the people. This governmental framework involves individuals exercising their political authority through periodic elections, either directly or by selecting representatives. The term “democracy” originates from ancient Greek, …
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Popular participation refers to the enthusiastic and proactive involvement of the populace in managing the affairs of the state across different levels. This active engagement holds significant importance within a democratic framework, facilitating the efficient functioning and steadiness of the political structure. Factors that can Promote Popular Participation 1. Effective Governance: Effective governance is fundamental …
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Civil society constitutes the realm beyond the confines of family, state, and market, where individuals come together to promote shared interests. It is commonly denoted as the ‘third sector,’ distinct from governmental and corporate entities, encapsulating a collection of non-governmental organizations and institutions that reflect the desires and aspirations of citizens. Within civil society lie …
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Meaning of Public Service Public service refers to the activities, roles, and functions carried out by government institutions, agencies, and individuals to meet the needs of the general public and promote the common good. It involves providing essential services, enforcing laws and regulations, maintaining infrastructure, and addressing societal needs such as education, healthcare, safety, and …
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Characteristics and category of human rights Human rights are fundamental rights and freedoms inherent to all individuals, regardless of nationality, ethnicity, gender, religion, or any other characteristic. They are considered essential for maintaining human dignity, promoting equality, and fostering a just and fair society. To ensure their protection and enforcement, human rights are often codified …
Capitalist democracy is the form of government in which the powers of the government flow from the citizens to the governors and the running of the government is based on the consent of the electorate. Capitalist democracy is a form of government organized in accordance with the principles of popular sovereignty, political equality, popular consultation …
EMPLOYMENT means to be engaged in a job or occupation. UNEMPLOYMENT is having no paid job or to be out of job. It can also be explained to be an involuntary idleness. FACTORS AFFECTING EMPLOYMENT Artificial barriers to geographical mobility of labour across the various state-based sub-labour markets. Culturally-biased employment practices. Parochial practices in …
To ensure that people live in peace in the society, there is need to obey law and order. This gives rise to people being in positions of constituted authority and the need to respect them. POWER This can be defined as the ability to affect the behavior of another person by threat of some …
Law This means the whole system of rules that citizens of a country or organised group of people are expected to obey. Laws are made by the government through the legislature, which is an organ of government in a democratic state or country. Laws are made according to the constitution of a country. ORDER This …
Cultism is the membership and operation of cults. It involves secret activities where the members behave in ways that are not acceptable by society. There are many cults in Nigeria especially in tertiary educational institutions and some secondary schools making life unbearable for those who go about their affairs peacefully. Their operations are secret and …
Inter-communal societies have their gains as well as their challenges. There is no human relationship that is free from disagreements or misunderstanding. Communal societies are no exempted from this rule. Due to the simple way of life of villagers, conflict resolution in such community is also simple. However, where serious issues are involved it may …
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A communal society is a type of society in which the population is small and the people share things in common as brothers and sisters. Examples of communal societies are villages, hamlets, camps, etc. CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNAL SOCIETY The community is usually small It is usually homogeneous in nature. Majority of the people engage …
Interpersonal relationship is the interaction or association between two or more people in the society. It will be difficult for one to exist in isolation without relating with other people. Interpersonal relationship is therefore essential for human coexistence. TYPES OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP Man and Woman Relationship: This relationship exists between a man and a …
THE ROLES OF INDIVIDUALS AND GOVERNMENT IN MAINTAINING TRAFFIC REGULATIONS INDIVIDUAL Obeying traffic rules and regulations. Considering other road users and put their safety in mind. Obey road signs. Obey traffic authorities and agencies. People should not destroy roads orroad signs in periods of violence. Traders should avoid selling along roads and expressways. Individuals can …
Accidents are sudden occurrences that distort the proper functioning of a procedure, event or exercise. Road accidents are unexpected occurrences on the road that comes from failure to adhere to traffic regulation. It could lead to traffic congestion, car damages, bruises or death of the victim. The rate of accidents on the roads can be …
Traffic regulations are the various laws, regulations and signs guiding the road users on the proper and effective use of roads. The road users include motorist, pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and passengers. RULES ON THE USE OF ROADS PEDESTRIANS The pedestrians refer to persons on foot who have need to either walk beside the road, …