Lesson Notes, Audio Lessons, Exam Questions
Lesson Notes, Audio Lessons, Exam Questions
Welcome to our collection of Biology lesson notes covering all topics for SS 1 to SS 3 students. These notes are aligned with the WAEC and NECO syllabus, providing a structured approach to mastering key concepts in Biology. From cell biology to ecology, you’ll find lessons on the essential topics you need to excel in your exams.
Our resources are designed to support both independent study and classroom learning, helping you build a strong foundation in Biology.
Whether you’re revising for your exams or seeking to understand complex concepts, these notes and topics will guide your learning every step of the way.
See our comprehensive Biology lesson notes and topics for SS 1 to SS 3 students. Perfect for WAEC and NECO preparation.
In simple unicellular plant materials are exchanged by simple diffusion process between the plants and its aquatic environment. Hence there is no need for elaborate transport system. However, in higher plant such as ferns and the flowering plants. There is…
PROTECTIVE FUNCTION OF BLOOD The blood performs two basic functions in mammals and these are: (1) Transportation of various substances and (2) Protection of the body against diseases The blood defends the body in major ways MECHANISM OF CLOTTING When…
INVERTEBRATES VERTEBRATES FEEDING IN HYDRA Hydra feeds on small aquatic organisms e.g. crustaceans. It captures its food through its structure called nematocysts found on its tentacles. The food is then passed into the mouth while the digestive enzymes are secreted…
TYPES OF TEETH Human beings have two sets of teeth in their lifetime. The first set is called the milk teeth that grow when the child is few months old. They are about twenty (20) in numbers. These include only…
To carry out life processes, all organisms (plants and animals) need tissues. Tissues are group of similar cells that carry out specific functions. Skeleton is the framework of the body which provides support, shape and protection to the soft tissues…
LOCATION AND STRUCTURE OF CHROMOSOMES Chromatin granules (thread – like structures) found in the nucleus of eucaryotic cells are the precursors or raw materials of chromosomes. Chromosomes occur in pairs known as homologous chromosomes. Each chromosome is made up of…
ORGANIC EVOLUTION Organic evolution is the sum total of adaptive changes from pre–existing or old forms that has taken place over a long time resulting in diversity of forms, structures and functions among organism. The basis of evolution is that…
ADAPTIVE COLOURATION This is the possession by an organism of a colour which enables it to catch its prey, avoid its predators or enemies, secure mates and ensure their survival. Adaptive colouration may be grouped into EVALUATION BEHAVIOURAL ADAPTATION Behaviour…
Competition Competition is the process by which living organisms in the habitat struggle with one another for limited essential needs in the environment. Such scarce resources in plants include; light, space, nutrient and water while animals complete for food, space…
STRUCTURE OF A FRUIT A fruit is a matured fertilized ovary of a flower containing one or more seeds. Contrary to this, some plants do not undergo fertilization for the formation of their fruit. Such fruits are called parthenocarpic fruits…
Growth is defined as an irreversible increase in volume, size, and number of parts, length and weight of an organism It is an organic process which takes sometimes to accomplish. The three processes involve in growth are MITOSIS Mitosis is…
Ecology This is the study of living organisms (plants and animals) in relation to their environment. Ecology is divided into two main branches. ECOLOGICAL CONCEPT HABITAT: is defined as any environment in ,which an organism lives naturally e.g. Fish lives…
Autotrophic Nutrition This is the type of nutrition in which the organisms are able to manufacture their own food. Organisms which can manufacture or synthesize their own food are called autotrophs. Autotrophic nutrition is carried out by all green plants…
ANIMAL NUTRITION (FOOD SUBSTANCES) Food is a complex energy-rich organic matter which living organism feed on to obtain nutrients and substances necessary for life. Food substances are classified to six groups Carbohydrates These are made up of carbon, hydrogen and…
Nutrient cycle is defined as the circulation of certain nutrient such as carbon, sulphur and water in nature Carbon Cycle The carbon cycle is the way carbon (iv) oxide is being used from the atmosphere by photosynthesis and put back…
Nutrition is defined as the process by which living organisms obtain and utilize food material from external environment for metabolic activities such as respiration, growth, excretion and reproduction. Photosynthetic or holophytic Nutrition is defined as a process whereby green plant…
Organization of life is defined as the existence of life from a single called organisms to a multicellular organisms with complex form that perform different functions Levels of Organization 1 First level (cell): A cell which is the functional and…
Classification is defined as the arrangement of living things into groups based on structural genetic and cellular organization. This is called TAXANOMY.The system of classification of living things used today is based on that introduced by Swedish naturalist named Carl…
Living things are those objects that have life e.g. plant and animals. Non-living things are those objects without life or lifeless objects. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS – To look for food – To run away from danger – To…
Science is defined as a systematic process of making enquiry about the living things and non-living things in our environment. The term Biology is coined from two Greek words: bios, meaning life and Logos, meaning study. Therefore, Biology is simply…