SS 2 Chemistry (1st, 2nd & 3rd term)

Alkanols is a homologous series with general molecular formula of CnH2n+1OH or ROH. The functional group in alkanols is the hydroxyl (-OH) group.   NOMENCLATURE The names of alkanols are… Read More »ALKANOLS

Alkynes are the homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbon with a general molecular formula CnH2n-2.

Alkynes show a high degree of unsaturation than alkenes, hence, they are chemically more reactive than the corresponding alkenes or alkanes.

UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS These are hydrocarbons in which carbon atoms join with each other by multiple bonds.  The multiple bonds can be double bonds e.gAlkenes or triple bonds e.gAlkynes.   NOMENCLATURE… Read More »ALKENES I

The alkanes are aliphatic hydrocarbons. Their general molecular formula is CnH2n+2. Hence For n=1 CH4               Methane n=2 C2H6 Ethane n=3 C3H8 Propane n=4 C4H10 Butane n=5 C5H12 Pentane and so… Read More »ALKANES

Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds with the exception of compounds such as carbon (II) oxide, carbon (IV) oxide the trioxocarbonate (IV).Carbon has unique ability to form numerous… Read More »INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

TITRATION There are two types of quantitative analysis namely: volumetric and gravimetric analysis.  Volumetric analysis is based on volume measurement while gravimetric analysis involves direct mass measurement.   Volumetric analysis… Read More »ACID/BASE REACTIONS

A mole is a number of particles of a substance which may be atoms, ions, molecules or electrons. This number of particles is approximately 6.02 x 1023 in magnitude and is known as Avogadro’s number of particles.

A solution is a uniform or homogenous mixture of two or more substances. Solution = Solvent + Solute A solute is a dissolved substance which may be a solid, liquid… Read More »SOLUBILITY AND SOLUTIONS

Water is regarded as the universal solvent.  It is a good solvent for many substances.   SOURCES OF WATER The following are the sources of water: Natural water:Rainwater, Well water,… Read More »WATER

HYDROGEN SULPHIDE, H2S Hydrogen sulphide is found in volcanic gases, sulphur springs, coal gas and natural gas. LABORATORY PREPARATION Hydrogen sulphide is prepared in the laboratory by the action of… Read More »COMPOUNDS OF SULPHUR -FULL EXPLANATION

GENERAL PROPERTIES OF THE SULPHUR GROUP (GROUP VI ELEMENTS) The group VI elements include: Oxygen, Sulphur, Selenium, Tellurium and Polonium. Metallic property increases down the group. Oxygen and sulphur are… Read More »SULPHUR | USES, PROPERTIES, GROUP VI ELEMENTS, STRUCRURE, EXTRACTION & ALLOTROPES

OXIDES OF NITROGEN NITROGEN (I) OXIDE, N2O Nitrogen (I) oxide is known as laughing gas as it causes uncontrollable laughter when inhaled.   LABORATORY PREPARATION The gas is prepared in… Read More »COMPOUNDS OF NITROGEN | FULL EXPLANATION

The group V elements include: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth. There are more differences than similarities between the elements in this group. Nitrogen is a diatomic gas and does… Read More »NITROGEN | USES, LABORATORY & INDUSTRIAL PREPARATION, PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Halogens (salt formers) are found in group VII of the periodic table. They are the most reactive nonmetals. They have seven valence electrons, they exist as diatomic molecules, and they… Read More »CHLORINE AND OTHER HALOGENS

Oxygen is the most abundant element on earth. It constitutes 21% by volume of atmospheric air.  Occurrence: It occurs as free elements in nature and in combined states. GENERAL PROPERTIES… Read More »OXYGEN AND ITS COMPOUNDS

Equilibrium can be defined as the state of a system where there is no observable or detectable change in the properties of the system with respect to time. Examples of… Read More »CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM | STATIC, DYNAMIC, REVERSIBLE REACTION, PROPERTIES, FACTORS & EFFECTS