Lesson Notes, Audio Lessons, Exam Questions
Lesson Notes, Audio Lessons, Exam Questions
Welcome to our collection of Biology lesson notes covering all topics for SS 1 to SS 3 students. These notes are aligned with the WAEC and NECO syllabus, providing a structured approach to mastering key concepts in Biology. From cell biology to ecology, you’ll find lessons on the essential topics you need to excel in your exams.
Our resources are designed to support both independent study and classroom learning, helping you build a strong foundation in Biology.
Whether you’re revising for your exams or seeking to understand complex concepts, these notes and topics will guide your learning every step of the way.
See our comprehensive Biology lesson notes and topics for SS 1 to SS 3 students. Perfect for WAEC and NECO preparation.
Adaptation is defined as the ability of an organism to live successfully in a particular habitat as a result of its structure, appearance and behaviour. It is expected that every organism must adapt to its environment in order to survive.…
In a community, there exist different kinds of biological associations between organisms of different species. Some of these biological associations are beneficial, some are neutral while others are harmful. Types of Associations Symbiosis Definition: This is a close association between…
Definitio: Conservation is defined as the planned, control exploitation or judicious use of natural resources to ensure their continuous availability and to preserve the quality or original nature of the environment. In other words, conservation is the preservation of natural…
Definition: Pollution is defined as the release of toxic or harmful substances into the environment by their natural forces or man and other animals to an extent that causes biological damage to man and his resources. In other words, pollution…
Nitrogen is an abundant element in the atmosphere. It is an essential constituent of proteins, a group of substances found in all living cells. About 78% of air is composed of gaseous nitrogen. Plants cannot incorporate nitrogen gas into organic…
Nutrient cycling refers to the movement of certain nutrients like nitrogen, carbon, water, oxygen and other elements from the environment into various organisms and back into the environment. The path along which the atoms or elements pass is called a…
Food production depends on the following Role of Government in Agricultural production Environmental Factors Required for Food Production Environmental factors affecting food production include the biotic and abiotic factors. Abiotic factors include: Biotic factors affecting food production include Ways…
Organisms of the land are called terrestrial organisms. They include plants and animals that are found living on the ground and under the ground. Basically, terrestrial habitat is subdivided into four main parts, namely; MARSH Marsh is a low land,…
Habitat is a place where organisms (plants, microorganisms and animals) are naturally found e. g. the habitat of tadpole is the bottom of fresh water ponds or streams. There are three main types of habitats, namely; aquatic habitat (in or…
DEVELOPMENT OF ZYGOTE IN FLOWERING PLANTS, GERMINATION OF SEEDS, ADAPTIVE FEATURES IN A DEVELOPING ANIMAL DEVELOPMENT OF ZYGOTE IN PLANTS Pollination is followed by fertilization and the development of zygote in flowering plants during which the flower changes into a…
COURTSHIP BEHAVIOURS IN ANIMALS Courtship is a reproductive communication between males and females of a species that ends in sexual union. Courtship behaviours in animals include STAGES IN DEVELOPMENT OF TOAD In toad, an amphibian and a vertebrate, Courtship takes…
THE ORGAN OF HEARING Mammals have two ears on each side of the head. The greater part of it is enclosed in the skull for protection. The ear is for hearing as well as for maintaining balance. STRUCTURE OF THE…
SENSE ORGANS : SKIN, EYES, STRUCTURES, FUNCTIONS, EYE EFFECTS & CORRECTIONS SENSORY RECEPTORS All living organisms respond to changes in their environment (stimuli). These changes can be mechanical, electromagnetic, chemical or thermal. Though most cells in the bodies of organisms…
REFLEX AND VOLUNTARY ACTIONS Actions are responses to stimuli. These actions are grouped into two: involuntary (reflex) and voluntary actions. REFLEX ACTIONS Reflex actions are automatic responses to stimuli which do not involve the conscious or higher centre of the…
These include the sensory system (receptor and nerves leading from all parts of the body to the CNS) and the motor system (nerves running from the CNS to the effectors). The PNS consists of twelve cranial nerves (connecting the brain…
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM The nervous and hormonal systems co-ordinate various biological activities in the body of multicellular animals, the basic structural unit of nervous system is the nerve cell called neurone. It consists of a dense, cell body and protoplasmic…
Hormones and Endocrine Glands Hormones are chemical substances produced or secreted by endocrine glands (ductless glands) in response to various stimuli. Hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and circulated to exert their effect on their target organs. This effect could…
Structure of the Liver The liver is the largest organ in the body of a mammal with a weight of about 1.25kg. It is reddish brown, soft with two lobes and it is located below the diaphragm on the right…
Homeostasis is the process by which a fairly constant internal environment is maintained in an organism. The internal environment of an organism is made up of the body fluid such as blood, lymph and tissue fluid. For efficient functions of…
A carb is a macronutrient, a sugar, starch or fibre found in grains, fruits, vegetables, and dairy products. They’re hard to avoid, and they’re one of the most basic food groups humans need to stay alive. Sources of Carbohydrates Carbohydrates…