Category Home Economics Lesson Notes For JSS1 To JSS3

Roasting Method Cooking food using direct source of heat which can be done using an oven or over a charcoal fire. Ensure frequent basting or turning of food to keep it moist and ensure even cooking. Food to be roasted…

The following sub-topics will be covered under this topic: Fibres Fibres are classified into two main groups: 2.  Man-made 3.  Wool fibre Natural Fibres Animal Fibres Plant Fibres Man-made Fibres These are fibres that are not made purely from natural…

This is cooking food using steam from boiled water. Steaming can be done directly or indirectly. Have water boiling prior to steaming. The steamer must have a tight fitting lid to avoid loss of steam. The temperature of the water…

Stewing is cooking food in a measured amount of liquids. Once the food has boiled it is allowed to simmer. Sufficient amount of liquid water or stock should be added for a stew of the right consistency. The saucepan or…

Boiling is cooking food completely immersed in boiling water. General Rules Eggs, Meat, Starchy foods like Sweet Potatoes, Maize, Rice, Beans, Githeri, Bone soup General Rules for Boiling Most foods should be put in cold water and then heated to…

What is cooking? Cooking is a process of preparing food by applying heat. Discuss reasons for cooking food. Identify different methods of cooking. State general rules for different methods of cooking. Why do we cook food? Factors that Determine Methods…

What is Food spoilage?  Food spoilage is the deterioration of food, making it unfit for human consumption. Food poisoning is the illness caused by eating contaminated food. Causes of Food Spoilage Food poisoning and food spoilage can be prevented by:…

Kitchen equipment is categorized into 3 main groups mainly: Small Kitchen Equipment These are usually classified according to their functions namely: Cutting Tools Separating Tools Large Kitchen Equipment Kitchen Equipment Categorization Kitchen equipment is typically categorized into three main groups:…

Modern houses are more durable as they are made using strong materials like stones, cement, bricks, metal, and concrete hence making them permanent. Examples of modern houses include: Bungalow A house where all rooms and facilities are constructed on the…

 Cleaning Equipment The home should be kept clean at all times. In order to maintain the cleanliness of the home, constant removal of dirt is important. The following equipment is necessary for the removal of dirt: State factors to consider…

What is First Aid? First Aid is the immediate help given to a person who has had an accident or sudden illness before being placed under medical care. It is usually done at the place where the accident occurs. A…

Some insects such as bees, wasps and scorpions sting while others such as mosquitoes, ticks, lice and cockroaches bite. Bites Clean the affected area thoroughly with clean water. If possible apply alcohol or alcohol mixed with iodine on affected areas except…

Drowning is the blockage of air passages by liquids when swimming or if one falls into water bodies such as lakes, rivers and basins. A child bending into a bucket full of water. The child then falls inside. Water storage…

It occurs due to temporary loss of blood flow in the brain causing a brief loss of consciousness. Reassure the casualty. Gradually, raise him into the sitting position and give sips of water, if required. If he/she does not regain…

This happens when blood comes out of the nose. It may be caused by an injury, blowing the nose forcefully and picking the nose. Someone pinching the nose to prevent blood from coming out during nose bleeding. The head should…

A foreign body is anything undesirable that enters into the body such as dust, insects and seeds (common with children). A child putting a bean in the nose and then breathing it out. People should protect their eyes when walking…

 Choking Choking is when one is not able to breathe. Choking is caused by food or foreign objects such as seeds, bones and coins stuck in the throat or air passage making breathing difficult. Encourage the casualty to cough Give…

Burns are caused by dry heat such as hot charcoal, metal and open flames while scalds are caused by moist heat such as stream and hot liquids. Prevention of burns and scalds Matches, boiling stoves, hot liquids, burning candles should…

A cut is a slit or break on the skin caused by sharp objects such as razor blades, broken glass and knives while bruises are caused by blunt blows. Prevention Management Cuts Bruises Cool the bruised part with very cold…

Accidents at home are incidents that can occur unexpectedly, resulting in injuries or other adverse health outcomes. Understanding the common types of home accidents can help in preventing them and managing their consequences effectively. Here are some of the most…