Local musical instruments are objects put together in the locality to produce music There are many local instruments in Nigeria that can produce sound. This include:-
- Shekere
- Samara
- Gangan
- Ekwe
- Udu
- Agidigbo
- Bata drum
- Kakaki
- Xalam
- Ogene
- Kontigi
Nigerian Local Musical Instruments and Their Meanings
Nigeria is a country rich in cultural diversity, and music plays a central role in its traditions. Each ethnic group has its own instruments, rhythms, and musical styles. Here are some well-known traditional musical instruments found across different parts of Nigeria:
Shekere
The shekere is a popular percussion instrument made from a dried gourd covered with a net of beads or cowries. It is mostly used in Yoruba and other West African music. When shaken or tapped, it produces a rattling sound that adds rhythm to songs and dances. It is common in both traditional ceremonies and modern performances.
Samara
Samara is a local musical instrument used in the northern part of Nigeria, especially among the Hausa people. It is typically a small percussion device that creates a clapping or shaking sound when played. It is often used during cultural festivals, praise songs, and storytelling.
Gangan
Also known as the “talking drum”, the gangan is a traditional Yoruba drum that can mimic the tone and rhythm of human speech. It is shaped like an hourglass and played with a curved stick. The drummer can squeeze the drum’s tension cords to change its pitch. It is used in music, communication, and praise-singing.
Ekwe
The ekwe is a wooden slit drum carved from a hollow log with one or two slits on top. It is common among the Igbo people and serves both musical and communication purposes. In the past, villages used it to send messages or announce important events. It produces a deep, resonant sound when struck with sticks.
Udu
The udu is a clay pot drum traditionally played by the Igbo people. It is made from fired clay and has a hole in the side. When tapped with the palm or fingers, it produces a deep, bass-like sound. The udu is known for its unique tone and is used in both folk music and modern Afrobeat sounds.
Agidigbo
Agidigbo is a large thumb piano, often made from wood and metal strips. It is played by plucking the metal keys with the fingers while the box acts as a resonator. Common in Yoruba music, especially among elders, it is used for storytelling and reflective songs. It often accompanies folk tales and wise sayings.
Bata Drum
The bata drum is a double-headed drum also associated with the Yoruba people. It comes in different sizes and is played in sets. Bata drums are sacred in some Yoruba spiritual practices, especially during worship of deities like Sango. Their fast, complex rhythms are used in both religious and entertainment settings.
Kakaki
The kakaki is a long metal trumpet traditionally played in northern Nigeria. It is used by Hausa royalty and is often heard during palace ceremonies, festivals, and official events. It produces a loud, commanding sound and symbolizes power and authority in many northern communities.
Xalam
The xalam is a traditional string instrument found in West Africa, including northern Nigeria. It resembles a lute and is often made with wood, animal skin, and gut strings. It is played by plucking the strings and is used in praise songs, epic storytelling, and traditional dances.
Ogene
The ogene is a metal gong used widely among the Igbo people. It is struck with a stick and produces a sharp, metallic tone. It is often used to lead traditional dances or serve as a talking instrument during ceremonies. In rural communities, it can also be used to call meetings or announce messages.
Kontigi
Kontigi is a small, one-stringed lute used by Hausa musicians, especially praise-singers and griots. It is made with a calabash body covered in animal skin, with a long neck. It is played with a pick or the fingers and often accompanied by poetry or songs that honor people, tell stories, or convey history.
Presentation
Step I: Teacher revises the previous topic.
Step II: Teacher introduces the new topic “Local instrument that produces sound”
Step III: Teacher explains the meaning of local instrument
Step IV: Teacher states and explains examples of local instruments
Step V: Pupils make relevant contribution
Evaluation:
- What are local instrument?
- Mention two local instruments used in your locality
Conclusion: Teacher concludes the lesson by evaluating the students and gives an assignment
Assignment:
- List ten local instruments used in Nigeria.