Structure: Affixation: Suffixes

This refers to the addition of prefixes, suffixes and infixes to words leading to new words, meaning and word classes.

Table of Contents

Examples (verbs)

verbs+ –ment e.g.

Enslavement, achievement
Management, movement
Development

verbs + –ion e.g.

Action
Conclusion
Decision

verbs+ –ation

organise = organisation
document = documentation
mobilize = mobilization

verb+–age

marry = marriage
drain = drainage
carry = carriage

verb+ –ist

type = typist
separate = separatist

verb+ –er / -or

teach = teacher
debate = debater
direct = director
oppress = oppressor

verb + –ee

amputate = amputee
employ = employee
invite = invitee

verbs+–ve, ant, -ing

correct = corrective
cure = curative
attend = attendant
appeal = appellant
clone = cloning
house = housing

verbs +–ry, ery/ ary

brew =brewery
refine = refinery
cook = cookery
dispense = dispensary

Examples (Adjectives)

Adjectives+ –ness

useful = usefulness
useless = uselessness
dry = dryness
conscious = consciousness
responsive = responsible
sad = sadness
ill = illness

adjective +–ity, hood, -ance/ -ence

ethnic – ethnicity
public – publicity
false – falsehood
important = inportnace
different = difference

Adjectives+–ancy, / -ency

flippant – flippancy
efficient – efficiency

EVALUATION

Write six nominalizations using two suffixes, the and compounding.

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Speech Work: Nasal Sounds /m/ /n/ and /h/

Content: Description, Symbols, Examples

/m/

Letters	Words
M	Man, mark, cram, comb
Mm	Comment, programme
Letters	Words
M	Man, mark, cram, comb
Mm	Comment, programme

This is a bilabial nasal. Its production involves the coming together of the lips and air goes out through the nasal cavity.

/n/

This is a voiced nasal sound that is produced when the soft palate is lowered to cover the oral cavity and allow air to pass through the nasal cavity. “n” is silent when it occurs after “m” in word- final positions e.g. hymn, damn.

Letter	Words
N	nab, ban, train
nn	Beginning, planning

/h/

This is a voiced alveolar nasal that is produced like /n/ except that the back of the tongue forms a closure with the velum for the production of the /h/. This sound does not occur at the beginning of a word.

Letters	Words
ng	Bang, rang, tongue, singer
nk	Thank, bank
nq	Conquer, banquet
Anx	Anxious, anxiety

More examples

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/m/ /n/ /h/

Balm barn bang

Bomb born long

Some son song

EVALUATION

Choose the word, which contains the given sound .

/m/ (a) stamp (b) nap (c) bright
/n/ (a) clan (b) clang (c) climb
/h/ (a) sting (b) can (c) storm

Comprehension/Register: Vocabulary Associated with Transportation pg 160 – 166 Countdown English

Ocean liner –a ship used to convey passengers and some cargo across the ocean
Berth – place for a ship to anchor
Rudder – a wooden or metal blade at the back of a ship that swings to and fro to control its direction
Cargo – goods carried by ship, a place or vehicle.
Speedometer – an instrument in a vehicle for telling its speed
Chauffeur – a person employed to drive someone’s car
Commuter – a person who makes regular journey of some distance.
Freightliner/liner train – a train that carries lare amount of goods in special containers
Derail – to cause to run off the rails/railway lines
Terminus – the last stop on a railway.
Air liner – a large passenger aircraft
Fuselage – the main body of an aircraft.
Cockpit – the part of a plane or racing car in which the pilot and co-pilot sit.
Tarmac/runway – is a way for landing or taking off.
Terminal – a bus station for passengers going to or arriving from an airport.
Hangar – a big building (shed) where planes are kept.